Relationship Between the Cortical Thickness and Serum Cortisol Levels in Drug-Naïve, First-Episode Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Surface-Based Morphometric Study

Liu, Xiaodan; Kakeda, Shingo; Watanabe, Keita; Yoshimura, Reiji; Abe, Osamu; Ide, Satoru; Hayashi, Kenji; Katsuki, Asuka; M.D., Wakako Umeno-Nakano; Watanabe, Rieko; Ueda, Issei; Moriya, Junji; Nakamura, Jun; Korogi, Yukunori

doi:10.1002/da.22401

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The lower medial wall of the PFC (medial OFC according to the Desikan–Killiany atlas 21 in FreeSurfer) contains the subgenual ACC (sgACC), subcallosal gyrus and medial OFC and has dense connections to the hypothalamus as the primary site of stress response regulation. 31 These findings concur with postmortem findings of OFC structural deficits, 32 OFC/sgACC-specific volumetric meta-analyses, 8, 33 correlations between OFC thickness and cortisol levels 34 and evidence of functional derangement of the sgACC in depression. 35 Recently, right medial OFC thickness measured at baseline in healthy adolescent girls proved a strong predictor of the onset of depression in a multivariate model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Schmaal¹,

Hibar²,

Sämann³

et al. 2016

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The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: −0.10 to −0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: −0.26 to −0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Schmaal¹,

Hibar²,

Sämann³

et al. 2016

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“…Therefore, high cortisol levels may be linked to brain morphology abnormalities in MDD. Additionally, we previously reported that high cortisol levels were linked with medial orbitofrontal cortex thinning (Liu et al, 2015) and white matter tract disconnectivity in frontal-limbic and frontal-subcortical circuits, which are considered to constitute an element in the pathogenesis of MDD (Liu et al, 2016). Additionally, we previously reported that high cortisol levels were linked with medial orbitofrontal cortex thinning (Liu et al, 2015) and white matter tract disconnectivity in frontal-limbic and frontal-subcortical circuits, which are considered to constitute an element in the pathogenesis of MDD (Liu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Relationship between the hippocampal shape abnormality and serum cortisol levels in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients

et al. 2017

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“…The parietal lobe is involved in the organization, decision making, and predictions of rewards during conditioning that evaluates outcomes for future response choices that are uncertain . This region is also related to emotional processing and cognitive changes and is part of the default‐mode network.…”

Section: Significant Structural Brain Alterations In Mddmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 The right anterior cingulate cortex was reported to have a decreased magnetization transfer ratio in patients with treatment-refractory MDD relative to healthy controls, 28 which increased after electroconvulsive therapy. 29 Previous studies have also found that prefrontal areas undergo a significant reduction in thickness, 4,[30][31][32] and these changes are thought to be associated with poor clinical outcomes. 33 A negative correlation was observed between the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score and cortical thickness in the ACC.…”

Section: Frontal Lobementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain structure alterations in depression: Psychoradiological evidence

et al. 2018

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Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world, but little is known about its pathology. Currently, the diagnosis of depression is made based on clinical manifestations, with little objective evidence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate the pathological changes in brain anatomy associated with this disorder. MRI can identify structural alterations in depressive patients in vivo, which could make considerable contributions to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Numerous studies that focused on gray and white matter have found significant brain region alterations in major depressive disorder patients, such as in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, temporal lobe, thalamus, striatum, and amygdala. The results are inconsistent and controversial because of the different demographic and clinical characteristics. However, some regions overlapped; thus, we think that there may be a "hub" in MDD and that an impairment in these regions contributes to disease severity. Brain connections contain both structural connections and functional connections, which reflect disease from a different view and support that MDD may be caused by the interaction of multiple brain regions. According to previous reports, significant circuits include the frontal-subcortical circuit, the suicide circuit, and the reward circuit. As has been recognized, the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder is complex and changeable. The current review focuses on the significant alterations in the gray and white matter of patients with the depressive disorder to generate a better understanding of the circuits. Moreover, identifying the nuances of depressive disorder and finding a biomarker will make a significant contribution to the guidance of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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Relationship Between the Cortical Thickness and Serum Cortisol Levels in Drug-Naïve, First-Episode Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Surface-Based Morphometric Study

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Relationship between the hippocampal shape abnormality and serum cortisol levels in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients

Brain structure alterations in depression: Psychoradiological evidence

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