Relationship between solubility and solubility product: The roles of crystal sizes and crystallographic directions

Transformations of silver nanoparticles in wastewater effluents: links to Ag bioavailability

“…Although this explanation is entirely consistent with chemical thermodynamics [37,38] and the observations of increasing dissolution, it is necessary to acknowledge that the quantification of dissolved Ag can also be influenced by the size detection limits of the SP-ICP-MS, which are approximately 16 nm for Ag NPs (for our instrument, under the conditions applied here). Ag…”

Dissolution kinetics of calcite at 50–70°C: An atomic force microscopic study under near-equilibrium conditions

“…Ruiz-Agudo et al (2009) suggested that Mg 2+ inhibits etch pit spreading by its preferential incorporation as MgCO 3°a t kink/step sites in the obtuse-obtuse corners, possibly through the surface reaction with >CaOH 2 + sites. Furthermore, it has been proposed that for impurities to have significant impacts on calcite growth and dissolution processes, their concentrations must exceed certain threshold values (Fan et al, 2006;Meyer, 1984). In the present study, the solution concentrations of trace divalent cations range from $10 À1 to $10 2 ppb, which are more than three orders of magnitude lower than the impurity concentrations investigated on calcite in the literature (Arvidson et al, 2006(Arvidson et al, , 2003Astilleros et al, 2000;Davis et al, 2000Davis et al, , 2004Fan et al, 2006;Freij et al, 2005;Gutjahr et al, 1996b;Lea et al, 2001;Reeder, 1996;Ruiz-Agudo et al, 2009;Teng et al, 1999;Vinson et al, 2007;Vinson and Luttge, 2005;Wasylenki et al, 2005a, b).…”

“…A second explanation for X e > 1.0 is the differences in the crystal solubility K b and the solubility product K sp (Fan et al, 2006). Theoretical analysis has suggested that the chemical potential and thus the solubility K b is dependent on crystal size and crystallographic direction.…”

“…Theoretical analysis has suggested that the chemical potential and thus the solubility K b is dependent on crystal size and crystallographic direction. Moreover, K b has been found to be always greater than K sp (Fan et al, 2006). Therefore, it is possible that the step retreat rate reaches zero at X > 1 where X was calculated from the K sp value.…”

Effect of surface orientation on dissolution rates and topography of CaF2

“…Growth beyond this value is energetically unfavorable, and the nucleated pit should remain stable as a hollow core (Lasaga and Blum, 1986). At the edges of a crystal preferential removal of atoms is caused by the higher surface energy at these sites and may lead to the development of crystal surfaces with different orientations (Fan et al, 2006;Snyder and Doherty, 2007).…”