Relationship between smoking, clinical, inflammatory, and radiographic parameters in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Farouk, Hanan Mohamed; Abdel-Rahman, Maryam; Hassan, Rasha M.

doi:10.1186/s43166-021-00076-z

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“… 10 The different studies have shown that patients who smoke have an early onset of the disease and higher spinal pain, disease activity, functional impact and radiographic progression compared with non-smokers, as well as a lower response to anti-TNF drugs. 11 Similarly, smoking increases cardiovascular risk and may worsen cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations of the Moroccan Society of Rheumatology (SMR) for the Therapeutic Management of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) including Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)

Jaouad,

Oulkadi,

Bentaleb

et al. 2023

MJR

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The advent of new therapeutic classes and the updating of international recommendations have justified the development of recent recommendations by the Moroccan Society of Rheumatology. Methods Guidelines were drafted by a core steering committee after performing a literature search. A multidisciplinary task force, including three fellows, eleven rheumatologists, a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation, an epidemiologist from hospital-university, hospital and liberal sectors and one patient assessed the Best Practice Guidelines using 2 rounds of anonymous online voting by modified Delphi process. Thus, 19 recommendations were developed. Recommendation 1 concerns the therapeutic principles, recommendation 2 insists on the information and education of the patient, recommendation 3 concerns the general measures to be adopted, namely physical activity, smoking cessation and psychological support, recommendation 4 concerns Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs which constitute the first-line treatment, recommendations 5 to 7 concern the use of analgesics, of general and local corticosteroid therapy and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, recommendations 8 to 13 deal with the use of biologic agents, including new classes and their indications in radiographic and nonradiographic axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis, follow-up and management in case of failure or remission, recommendation 14 deals with the indication for Janus kinase inhibitors drugs, recommendation 15 deals with physical treatment and recommendation 16 deals with the indication of surgery. Recommendations 17 to 19 deal with special situations, namely fibromyalgia, vaccination and pregnancy. A well-defined therapeutic strategy with first- and second-line treatments has been established.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations of the Moroccan Society of Rheumatology (SMR) for the Therapeutic Management of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) including Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)

Jaouad,

Oulkadi,

Bentaleb

et al. 2023

MJR

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“…Smoking is associated with increased cumulative spinal structural damage in patients with AS [87] as well as higher disease activity, inflammatory markers and functional disability [88]. Whether smoking induces AS is unclear.…”

Section: Diet and Lifestyle Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankylosing Spondylitis Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology

Alexander¹

2023

Ankylosing Spondylitis - Recent Concepts

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The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is complex and remains only partially understood. Contributory genes including a variety of HLA-B27 subset genes and many other non-HLA genes are implicated in the literature. Novel genes and gene–gene interactions being a continuously evolving area of AS research. Dysregulation of the enteric microbiome with a corresponding aberrant immunological response is recognised in research. Certain infectious agents are thought to play a role. A variety of other influences including environmental exposures, dietary and lifestyle factors and sex hormones appear to play a role in AS pathogenesis. There is emerging evidence that that pathophysiological response in AS is an elaborate combination of both autoinflammatory and autoimmune components, however the IL-17/IL-23 pathway remains the major pathway in AS according to studies to date. The specific mechanisms that lead to characteristic clinical features of AS including sacroiliitis, spondylitis, ankylosis, uveitis and other extra articular manifestations remain occult. Further research to establish these is ongoing.

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