Relationship Between Smoking and Weight Control Efforts Among Adults in the United States

Wee, Christina C.; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Davis, Roger B.; Phillips, Russell S.

doi:10.1001/archinte.161.4.546

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…5,6,17 However, available evidence does not indicate that smoking offers immediate weight control or long-term reduction effects. African-American and white teenagers and young adults [17][18][19] in both cross-sectional and prospective studies have shown no weight control benefit from cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Association Of Smoking and Bmi In Younger Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the addictive properties of nicotine, one possible explanation for the continuation of smoking is the belief that it can assist in controlling body weight. 5,6 An increased awareness of the adverse health effects of obesity and overweight together with peer pressure to encourage slimness may encourage the use of smoking as a means of weight control by young adults. 6 However, the catastrophic increase in health risks when smoking and overweight are combined may not be widely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 An increased awareness of the adverse health effects of obesity and overweight together with peer pressure to encourage slimness may encourage the use of smoking as a means of weight control by young adults. 6 However, the catastrophic increase in health risks when smoking and overweight are combined may not be widely understood. 7 Nicotine addiction is a multifactorial process, which influences body weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between cigarette smoking, body size and body shape

2004

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OBJECTIVE:To define relationships between smoking status, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WC, HC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). DESIGN: Further analysis of the cross-sectional Scottish Health Survey 1998 data. SUBJECTS: Nationally representative sample of 9047 adults aged 16-74 y. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) was lower in current smokers and higher in exsmokers (Po0.001) when compared with nonsmokers in the survey population as a whole. After adjustment for confounding factors (age, social class, physical activity and alcohol intake), these differences still remained. However, examination of age categories showed no such differences in BMI between current smokers and nonsmokers in men aged 16-24 y or women aged below 55 y. In the age category 16-24 y, prevalence of cigarette smoking was highest at 51% (men) and 43% (women) in obese subjects and lowest at 35% (men) and 33% (women) in people with BMI of 25-30 kg/m 2 . For women current smokers, mean WC and WHR were higher and HC was lower compared with nonsmokers (Po0.001). In men, only HC was lower in current smokers compared with nonsmokers for the entire sample (Po0.001). CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking is associated with a lower BMI in adults over 24 y particularly in men, but not in younger people. In women, smoking is linked to the development of central adiposity. The gender-related central adiposity of men is not further increased by smoking, but a lower HC could suggest a reduction in muscle mass.

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Section: Association Of Smoking and Bmi In Younger Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between cigarette smoking, body size and body shape

2004

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“…Cessation of smoking without nicotine replacement therapy is usually accompanied by weight gain (Stamford et al, 1986;Levin et al, 1987;Williamson et al, 1991;O'Hara et al, 1998). As a consequence, some people are willing to use smoking in order to lose or maintain their body weight, and are reluctant to stop smoking due to concerns about weight gain on cessation, especially among younger smokers (Crisp et al, 1999;Wee et al, 2001). The effects of cigarette smoking on appetite may also contribute to the morbidity and mortality of smokers with chronic lung disease and wasting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Short-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Body Weight, Appetite and Brain Neuropeptide Y in Mice

Chen

Vlahos

Bozinovski

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

137

107

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Although nicotinic receptors have been demonstrated in hypothalamic appetite-regulating areas and nicotine administration alters food intake and body weight in both animals and humans, the mechanisms underlying the effects of smoking on appetite circuits remain unclear. Conflicting effects of nicotine on the major orexigenic peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), have been observed in the brain, but the effects of smoking are unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate how cigarette smoking affects body weight, food intake, plasma leptin concentration, hypothalamic NPY peptide, adipose mass and mRNA expression of uncoupling proteins (UCP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a. Balb/C mice (8 weeks) were exposed to cigarette smoke (three cigarettes, three times a day for 4 consecutive days) or sham exposed. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Plasma leptin and brain NPY were measured by radioimmunoassay. UCPs and TNF a mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. Food intake dropped significantly from the first day of smoking, and weight loss became evident within 2 days. Brown fat and retroperitoneal white fat masses were significantly reduced, and plasma leptin concentration was decreased by 34%, in line with the decreased fat mass. NPY concentrations in hypothalamic subregions were similar between two groups. UCP1 mRNA was decreased in white fat and UCP3 mRNA increased in brown fat in smoking group. Short-term cigarette smoke exposure led to reduced body weight, food intake, and fat mass. The reduction in plasma leptin concentration may have been too modest to increase NPY production; alternatively, change in NPY or its function might have been offset by nicotine or other elements in cigarette smoke.

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“…(French and Jeffery, 1995;Wane et al, 2010) In particular, younger women were more interested in the weight-reducing effects of smoking than older women. (Hjartaker et al, 2001;Wee et al, 2001) Among Asian women, smoking is not only associated with weight control but also with their marital status. According to studies regarding the role of gender in smoking habits, marital status affects smoking behaviors in women to a much greater degree than in men, and marriage plays a greater role as a preventive factor for smoking among women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between BMI, Body image, and Smoking in Korean Women as Determined by Urine Cotinine: Results of a Nationwide Survey

Jang

Kim

Lim

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: This study examined the influence of body mass index (BMI), subjective body perception (SBP), and the differences between BMI and SBP influence on smoking among women. Methods: This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-2, 3 2008−2009. A urinary cotinine test was administered to 5485 women at least 19 years of age. Individuals whose cotinine level was at least 50 ng/mL were categorized as smokers. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the extent to which body-related variables affect female smoking. Results: Women with a lower BMI who perceived themselves to be normal or very fat were 2.09 times (1.14-3.83) more likely to smoke than women with a normal BMI and SBP. Women who were never married with a low BMI and thin SBP were 3.11 times (1.47−6.55) more likely to smoke than women with a normal BMI and SBP. Married women with a high BMI who considered themselves very fat were 0.63 times (0.43-0.94) less likely to smoke than women with a normal BMI and SBP. In contrast, divorced and widowed women with a low or normal BMI who considered themselves very fat were 26.1 times (1.35−507.3) more likely to smoke. Conclusions: Discrepancies between the objective physical condition (BMI) and the subjective body image (SBP) influence the female smoking rate. To reduce the number of female smokers, public education on the association between smoking behavior and weight issues is needed, especially among women with low BMI and distorted weight perception.

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Relationship Between Smoking and Weight Control Efforts Among Adults in the United States

Cited by 67 publications

References 40 publications

Relationships between cigarette smoking, body size and body shape

Relationships between cigarette smoking, body size and body shape

Effect of Short-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Body Weight, Appetite and Brain Neuropeptide Y in Mice

Relationship Between BMI, Body image, and Smoking in Korean Women as Determined by Urine Cotinine: Results of a Nationwide Survey

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