Relationship between shoulder roll and hand propulsion in the front crawl stroke

Kudo, Shigetada; Sakurai, Yoshihisa; Miwa, Takahiro; Matsuda, Yuji

doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1206208

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Regardless of fatigue (whether the first or last lap is considered), the same characteristics were observed in the three channels shown. Both the roll angle and the angular velocity show a sinusoidal behaviour with a global maximum and minimum within each cycle, as confirmed by several authors (Callaway, 2015;Davey et al, 2008;Rowlands, James & Lee, 2013;Stamm & Thiel, 2015) for the hips and Kudo, Sakurai, Miwa and Matsuda (2017) for shoulder roll. Furthermore, the zero value in vrot is linked to the extreme value in the roll angle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Intra-cyclic analysis of the front crawl swimming technique with an inertial measurement unit

Engel¹,

Schaffert²,

Ploigt³

et al. 2021

jhse

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Sports scientists and coaches strive to identify and analyse performance relevant parameters and to optimize them in the training practice. In swimming, this process is time-consuming and requires expensive and professional video equipment, which is currently considered the gold standard. Since inertial measurement units (IMUs) are increasingly interesting for athletes, are more easily accessible and are less disturbing to wear, they offer an ideal alternative to classic video-supported motion analysis. In addition, IMUs provide further data of interest to scientists and trainers. The present study aims to transfer the findings from the video analysis data to the data measured with an IMU. The focus is on the frontal crawl and its key movements, body roll, angular velocity and forward acceleration in relation to their intra-cyclic variations. Ten athletes from regional to national level swam 100 m front crawl and the video recording was combined with the IMU to analyse the key positions and find similarities and differences between the swimmers. The findings are the basis for an automatic pattern recognition system to provide coaches and scientists with immediate feedback on the execution of movements and to decide which parameters should be specifically trained to improve performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Intra-cyclic analysis of the front crawl swimming technique with an inertial measurement unit

Engel¹,

Schaffert²,

Ploigt³

et al. 2021

jhse

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“…If this is the case, it implies that either backstroke had a larger active drag than front crawl or the contribution of the other body parts (such as lower limbs, upper arm, and forearm) to the propulsion is much larger in front crawl than backstroke. Nevertheless, a limitation of the present study is the lack of kinetic factors such as propulsive and resistive forces as well as the hand orientation data, which should be further investigated using kinetic analysis such as pressure distribution analysis combined with a detailed 3D motion analysis (Kudo et al, 2017;Tsunokawa et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper body kinematic differences between maximum front crawl and backstroke swimming

Gonjo

Fernandes

Vilas‐Boas

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomechanics

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The purpose of this study was to investigate why front crawl is faster than backstroke from a kinematic perspective. Three-dimensional kinematics were obtained from one upper-limb cycle of ten male competitive swimmers performing 50 m front crawl and backstroke trials at maximum speed. Swimmers achieved faster centre of mass velocity in front crawl than backstroke (1.70±0.04 vs 1.54±0.06 m•s-1 ; p<0.01) with no difference in stroke length (2.00±0.25 vs 2.07±0.17 m•cycle-1), while stroke frequency in front crawl was higher than that in backstroke (51.67±6.38 vs 44.81±4.68 cycles•min-1 ; p<0.01). Maximum shoulder roll angle in front crawl was larger than that in backstroke (52.88±4.89 vs 49.73±5.73°; p<0.05), while swimmers had smaller maximum hip roll in front crawl than backstroke (33.79±6.07 vs 39.83±7.25°; p<0.05). Absolute duration of the release phase (from the last backward movement to the exit from the water of the wrist) and relative duration of the recovery phase were shorter in front crawl than backstroke (0.07±0.03 vs 0.26±0.08 s; p<0.01, and 28.69±2.50 vs 33.21±1.43%; p<0.01, respectively). In conclusion, front crawl is faster than backstroke because of its higher stroke frequency due to the shorter absolute release phase and relative recovery phase durations.

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“…Although mean propulsive/resistive force values would provide an overview of the forces related to swimming strokes or swimming skill levels, a better insight on technique can be gained with a time-series approach. For example, in the last decade, time-series propulsive forces produced by the hands or feet have been quantified with the use of pressure sensors [7][8][9][10], which has provided insight into relationships between swimmer's motion and propulsive forces. Examples of such knowledge include the positive effect of shoulder roll angular velocity on the propulsive force production in front craw [7,8], differences in the time-series leg propulsive force between an elite and sub-elite breaststroker [9], and the increase in the propulsive impulse (despite the decrease in the stroke cycle duration) when increasing the front crawl swimming velocity [10].…”

Section: Introduction 1preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision-Based System for Automated Estimation of the Frontal Area of Swimmers: Towards the Determination of the Instant Active Drag: A Pilot Study

Ravé

Moya-Fernández

Hermosilla-Perona

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Swimmers take great advantage by reducing the drag forces either in passive or active conditions. The purpose of this work is to determine the frontal area of swimmers by means of an automated vision system. The proposed algorithm is automated and also allows to determine lateral pose of the swimmer for training purposes. In this way, a step towards the determination of the instantaneous active drag is reached that could be obtained by correlating the effective frontal area of the swimmer to the velocity. This article shows a novel algorithm for estimating the frontal and lateral area in comparison with other models. The computing time allows to obtain a reasonable online representation of the results. The development of an automated method to obtain the frontal surface area during swimming increases the knowledge of the temporal fluctuation of the frontal surface area in swimming. It would allow the best monitoring of a swimmer in their swimming training sessions. Further works will present the complete device, which allows to track the swimmer while acquiring the images and a more realistic model of conventional active drag ones.

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Relationship between shoulder roll and hand propulsion in the front crawl stroke

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Intra-cyclic analysis of the front crawl swimming technique with an inertial measurement unit

Intra-cyclic analysis of the front crawl swimming technique with an inertial measurement unit

Upper body kinematic differences between maximum front crawl and backstroke swimming

Vision-Based System for Automated Estimation of the Frontal Area of Swimmers: Towards the Determination of the Instant Active Drag: A Pilot Study

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