Relationship between serum free T4 (FT4) levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in healthy euthyroid subjects

Kim, Beom-Jun; Kim, Tae Yong; Koh, Jung‐Min; Kim, Hong‐Kyu; Park, Joong‐Yeol; Lee, Ki‐Up; Shong, Young Kee; Kim, Won

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03304.x

Cited by 95 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (defined using the NCEP/ATPIII criteria) was no different between cases with or without SCH. Our results are in agreement with data published by Kim and coworkers (15). Reasons for the discrepancy among studies include differing criteria used to define the metabolic syndrome and dissimilar sample size and characteristics of the populations under study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects

García¹,

Alvirde-García²,

López-Carrasco³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

228

194

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Objective: To examine the association between thyroid function and the components of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in an Hispanic population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subjects with no history of thyroid disease or diabetes were included. Thyroid function was stratified as euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) status and subsequently by free thyroxine (FT 4 ) and TSH tertiles. The association of the metabolic syndrome components (defined by 2004 Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and insulin resistance with thyroid status, TSH, and FT 4 were examined. Results: A total of 3148 subjects were analyzed. The prevalence of SCH was 8.3%. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was similar in euthyroid and SCH patients (31.6 vs 32.06%, PZ0.89). Total cholesterol was higher in patients with SCH (5.51G1.19 vs 5.34G1.05 mmol/l, P!0.032). Serum TSH values showed a positive correlation (adjusted for age and sex) with total cholesterol, triglycerides, and waist circumference. In contrast, FT 4 showed a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an inverse correlation with waist circumference, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: SCH is not associated with an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome (as conceived as a diagnostic category defined by the National Cholesterol, Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria). Despite this, low thyroid function (even in the euthyroid state) predisposes to higher cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels. The combined use of TSH and FT 4 , compared with the assessment based on only FT 4 , is a more convenient approach to evaluate the association between thyroid function and metabolic variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects

García¹,

Alvirde-García²,

López-Carrasco³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

228

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unlike TSH, data regarding the circulating levels of free thyroid hormones are discrepant between different studies, which reported either increased or decreased serum concentrations of FT 3 or FT 4 (3)(4)(5). Previous studies have shown that low normal free thyroid hormone levels and/or elevated TSH levels were significantly associated with MetS and its components (5)(6)(7)(24)(25)(26). In our study, we could not find an association between serum-free thyroid hormones (FT 4 and FT 3 ) and the presence of MetS diagnosis.…”

Section: Thyroid Nodulementioning

confidence: 77%

Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient area

Ayturk

Gürsoy

Kut

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

182

146

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Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities with insulin resistance (IR) as a major component. It has been recently questioned whether MetS and its related components are associated with functional and morphological alterations of the thyroid gland. The aim of our study is to examine thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a case-control study of patients with MetS in a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient area. Design: Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with MetS were randomly matched for age, gender, and smoking habits with 261 subjects without MetS. Serum TSH, free tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine, and the level of IR, which was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment for IR, as well as other MetS parameters were evaluated. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed in all subjects. All subjects with thyroid nodules O1 cm were offered to undergo thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy. Results: TSH was significantly positively correlated with the presence of MetS diagnosis. There was no association between free thyroid hormone levels and MetS and its related components. Mean thyroid volume was significantly higher in patients with MetS than in controls (17.5G5.5 vs 12.2G4.2 ml, P!0.0001). Also the percentage of patients with thyroid nodules was significantly higher in patients with MetS (50.4 vs 14.6%, P!0.0001). Subjects were also divided into two groups according to the presence of IR. The group of subjects with IR had increased thyroid volume and nodule formation. The odds ratio for the development of thyroid nodule in the presence of IR was 3.2. TSH as well as all MetS components were found to be independent predictors for thyroid volume increase. IR but not TSH was found to be correlated with thyroid nodule formation. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 3 out of 38 patients with MetS who agreed to have a biopsy (7.9%). None of the subjects in the control group was diagnosed to have thyroid cancer. Conclusions:The results suggest that patients with MetS have significantly increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence. Multivariate regression analysis model demonstrated that the presence of IR contributed substantially to this increased risk. Our data provide the first evidence that IR is an independent risk factor for nodule formation in an iodine-deficient environment.

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“…However, in a study by Kim et al TSH in the upper normal range (2.5-4.5 mIU/L) was connected with a 1.7-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome when compared with TSH in the lower normal range (0.3-2.5 mIU/L) [1]. A significant association between serum THS and metabolic syndrome was also observed in almost 1200 Dutch persons.…”

Section: Prace Oryginalnementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The results of studies examining these connections are contradictory. A series of studies reported that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with abnormal serum lipids, higher blood pressure, and markers of systemic inflammation [1,2]. However, few studies have excluded the potential influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic syndrome [3].…”

Section: Prace Oryginalnementioning

confidence: 99%

Powiązania między zespołem metabolicznym, subkliniczną niedoczynnością i autoimmunologicznym zapaleniem tarczycy u kobiet po menopauzie oraz rola interleukiny-6

Siemińśka

Wojciechowska

Walczak

et al. 2015

Endokrynologia Polska

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Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases after menopause; however, the role of concomitant subclinical hypothyroidism has not been completely elucidated. The aim of the study was to identify associations between thyrotropin, immune status, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. The specific goals were: to assess thyrotropin (TSH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in the serum of subclinical hypothyroid postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome and compare them with euthyroid controls; to test whether immune status is related to metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women and determine the role of IL-6; to examine the relationships between TSH and different features of metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance, waist circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BMI, metabolic parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6). Material and methods: Three hundred and seventy-two postmenopausal women were included in the study: 114 women had subclinical hypothyroidism (10.0 uIU/mL > TSH ≥ 4.5 uIU/mL, normal fT4), and 258 women were in euthyreosis (TSH 0.35-4.5 uIU/mL, normal fT4); both groups were matched by age. Anthropometric measurements were conducted (BMI, waist circumference, WHR) and blood pressure was measured. In all subjects the following were assessed in serum: lipid profile, glucose, insulin, TSH, fT4, thyroid antibodies (T-Abs) -TPO-Abs, TG-Abs, and IL-6 concentrations. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 49.12% in subclinical hypothyroid women and 46.89% in euthyroid women. However, the proportion of subjects with one or two abnormalities was significantly higher in the subclinical hypothyroid group (45.61%) than in the euthyroid group (32.17%). When we compared subclinical hypothyroid women with and without metabolic syndrome, subjects with metabolic syndrome had higher BMI, abdominal circumferences, WHR, and HOMA-I. They presented higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, IL-6, TSH, T-Abs were also higher and serum cHDL was lower. There were no significant differences in fT4 concentrations. A similar comparison was made for euthyroid women with and without metabolic syndrome. Higher BMI, waist circumference, WHR, HOMA-I, and systolic blood pressure were observed in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Serum concentrations of TSH, triglycerides, glucose, and IL-6 were also higher, but the concentration of cHDL was significantly lower. There were no significant differences in fT4, T-Abs, cholesterol levels, and diastolic pressure. When we compared euthyroid women T-Abs (+) and T-Abs (-), the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar (48.68% vs. 46.15%). There were no differences in BMI, waist circumference, WHR, lipid profile, glucose, and HOMA-I, fT4. However, thyroid autoimmunity was associated with elevated TSH and IL-6 levels. When we analysed subclinical hypothyroid women with ...

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Relationship between serum free T4 (FT4) levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in healthy euthyroid subjects

Cited by 95 publications

References 40 publications

TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects

TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects

Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient area

Powiązania między zespołem metabolicznym, subkliniczną niedoczynnością i autoimmunologicznym zapaleniem tarczycy u kobiet po menopauzie oraz rola interleukiny-6

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