Relationship between self-discrepancy and worries about penis size in men with body dysmorphic disorder

Veale, David; Miles, Sarah; Read, Julie; Bramley, Sally; Troglia, Andrea; Carmona, Lina; Fiorito, Chiara; Wells, Hannah; Wylie, Kevan; Muir, Gordon

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.004

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Most men underestimate the size of their penises compared to other men (Lee, 1996;Veale et al, 2016). In a nationally representative sample, only 58% of men were satisfied with the length of their erect penis (Gaither et al, 2017).…”

Section: Implications For Counseling and Surgical Interventionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Average-Size Erect Penis: Fiction, Fact, and the Need for Counseling

King

2020

Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy

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Most men believe that the average length of an erect penis is greater than 6 inches (15.24 cm). This belief is due, in part, to several often-cited studies that relied on self-reported measurements, with means of about 6.2 inches (15.75 cm) for heterosexual men and even greater for gay men. These studies suffered from both volunteer bias and social desirability bias. In this review, the combined mean for 10 studies in which researchers took measurements of erect penises was 5.36 inches (13.61 cm; n ¼ 1,629). For 21 studies in which researchers measured stretched penises, the mean was approximately 5.11 inches (12.98 cm; n ¼ 13,719). Based on these studies, the average length of an erect penis is between 5.1 and 5.5 inches (12.95-13.97 cm), but after taking volunteer bias into account, it is probably toward the lower end of this range. Studies show that a majority of men wish they were larger, with some choosing penile lengthening surgery. These surgeries are considered by the American Urological Association to be risky. Most men seeking surgery have normal sized penises. Counseling with factual information about penis size might be effective in alleviating concerns for the majority of men who worry about having a small penis. Studies find that many men have concerns that their penis is not large enough and that they are smaller relative to other men (

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Section: Implications For Counseling and Surgical Interventionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Average-Size Erect Penis: Fiction, Fact, and the Need for Counseling

King

2020

Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy

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“…In both of these disorders, men consistently underestimate the size of their own penis and overestimate the mean size for other men ( 16 ). PDD lies within the body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) spectrum, which is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorder , Fifth edition as a ‘somatoform disorder presented by preoccupation with an imaginary or trivial flaw in the physical appearance that causes impairment in various areas of functioning’ ( 17 ). Men are so preoccupied with their penis size and length, they may develop depressive episodes associated with social, occupational, and sexual dysfunction.…”

Section: Penile Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of penile elongation surgery

Campbell¹,

Gillis²

2017

Transl. Androl. Urol.

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Penile elongation surgery is less commonly performed in the public sector, but involves a collaborative approach between urology and plastic surgery. Congenital and acquired micropenis are the classic surgical indications for penile elongation surgery. The goal of intervention in these patients is to restore a functional penis size in order to allow normal standing micturition, enable satisfying sexual intercourse and improve patient quality of life. Many men seeking elongation actually have normal length penises, but perceive themselves to be small, a psychologic condition termed ‘penile dysmorphophobia’. This paper will review the anatomy and embryology of congenital micropenis and discuss both conservative and surgical management options for men seeking penile elongation therapy.

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“…Mondaini et al 14 report that all men seeking consultation for short penile length over 2 years at 1 andrology clinic had anatomically normal penile length and lacked an anatomic penile abnormality. 15 Their data also show that most men seeking penile lengthening surgery overestimate normal penile length. In some cases, patients may benefit from psychotherapy if they experience penile dysmorphophobia, with normal penile length and anatomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Men with body dysmorphic disorder concerned about penile size demonstrated the largest discrepancy between perceived and ideal penile size, with significant correlation between symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder and this discrepancy. 15 This may provide a target in psychosexual therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications of Genital Enlargement Surgery

Furr¹,

Hebert

Wisenbaugh³

et al. 2018

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction The objective of genital enlargement surgery is to increase length and/or girth for cosmetic reasons; however, newer techniques have been recently reported to be associated with only minor complications in a small percentage of patients. Aim We aim to report the severe complications of penile augmentation surgery seen at a referral center and describe their subsequent management. Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained. We reviewed our prospectively collected database for all patients who presented with complications of genital enlargement surgery from 2002–2016. Main Outcome Measure Interventions following complications of genital enlargement surgery. Results 11 Patients were identified. Mean age was 47 (21–77) years. Prior procedures included subcutaneous injection of silicone outside a medical setting, girth enhancement procedures involving the subcutaneous placement or injection of substances including fat, other substances, or subcutaneous silicone implants. All patients who underwent subcutaneous penile implant underwent removal prior to presentation. Adverse changes included sexually disabling penile deformity and severe shortening, curvature, edema, subcutaneous masses, infection, non-healing wounds, and sexual dysfunction. 10 patients underwent corrective surgery, with 2 requiring multiple procedures and 3 requiring split-thickness skin grafting. All 10 patients had an improved cosmetic appearance and those who had disabling shortening had significantly improved functional length. Clinical Implications Report of such adverse events should assist in appropriate perioperative counseling prior to genital enhancement surgery. Strength & Limitations Few reports of debilitating complications of penile enlargement exist in literature. However, without knowing the overall number of procedures performed, the true complication incidence is not known. Conclusion Penile and scrotal enhancement surgery can be associated with major disabling complications, leading to deformity and functional compromise in men with prior normal anatomy and function. Patients should be aware of these risks.

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Relationship between self-discrepancy and worries about penis size in men with body dysmorphic disorder

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Average-Size Erect Penis: Fiction, Fact, and the Need for Counseling

Average-Size Erect Penis: Fiction, Fact, and the Need for Counseling

A review of penile elongation surgery

Complications of Genital Enlargement Surgery

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