Relationship between salivary flow rates and Candida counts in subjects with xerostomia

Torres, Sandra Regina; Peixoto, Camila Bernardo; Caldas, Daniele Manhães; Silva, Eline Barboza; Akiti, Tiyomi; Nucci, Márcio; Uzeda, Milton de

doi:10.1067/moe.2002.119738

Cited by 159 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although there is a perception that women tend towards higher levels of Candida carriage [42,43], we found that healthy adult women had 97% less expected carriage than men when age and the five metals were held constant. We also noted that when gender and the five metals were held constant, increasing age was predictive of higher carriage count, suggesting that the age-related changes in saliva predispose individuals to higher carriage independently from the five major salivary metals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Salivary metals, age, and gender correlate with cultivable oral Candida carriage levels

Norris

Friedman

Chen

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background: Little is known about the normal range of metal levels in unstimulated saliva, nor whether these might impact Candida carriage in healthy individuals. Both are important in determining which populations are at risk for candidiasis, as the availability of metal ions can influence the growth and pathogenesis of Candida albicans. Objective: We quantified salivary metals of healthy individuals to determine the correlation with C. albicans oral colonization. Design: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from healthy adults and plated to determine fungal carriage, and metal content was measured using ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Zinc was most abundant, followed by iron, copper, manganese, and nickel. Cultivable oral Candida carriage was found in 48% of people. Total protein levels did not differ in salivas from donors with or without carriage. However, innate fungicidal activity was increased in donors with carriage; correlations between levels of several metals were stronger in salivas with fungal carriage, indicating a shift in the oral environment. Concentrations of copper and manganese, as well as age and gender, were significantly predictive of carriage levels in a multiple regression model. Conclusions: Salivary copper and manganese content along with age and gender could be used as a predictive metric for individuals that are more susceptible to Candida overgrowth.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Salivary metals, age, and gender correlate with cultivable oral Candida carriage levels

Norris

Friedman

Chen

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…14,27 However, reduced salivary flow is more commonly associated with the use of medications, such as diuretics, laxatives, antacids, anorectics, anti-hypertension agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives, antihistamines, anticholinergics, and medications for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. 14,28,29 Individuals who take two or more medications have a 5.5-fold greater chance of having low salivary flow (< 0.7 ml/min) in comparison to individuals who take no medication. 19 Among the crack users in the present study, 52.5% were taking some type of medication at the time of saliva collection, such as anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between crack cocaine use and reduced salivary flow

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Crack cocaine use appears to have an impact on oral conditions. However, changes in the salivary flow among crack users have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to compare stimulated salivary flow and the occurrence of hyposalivation between crack users and non-users. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 40 crack users and 40 controls matched for sex, age, and smoking habits. Interviews were conducted to acquire data on the perception of dry mouth (xerostomia) and drug use. Stimulated salivary flow was determined using the spitting method. A significant reduction in stimulated salivary flow was found among crack users in comparison to non-users (1.02 vs. 1.59 ml/min). A total of 42.5% and 15% of crack users had very low and low stimulated salivary flow, respectively. Moreover, 65% of users reported xerostomia in comparison to 37.5% non-users (p < 0.012). No significant association was found between xerostomia and hyposalivation (p = 0.384). A multivariate analysis revealed that individuals older than 26 years of age, those with a low household income, and crack users (prevalence ratio: 2.59) had a significant association with the occurrence of hyposalivation. A significant association was found between the use of crack and reduced salivary flow. The use of crack was associated with the occurrence of hyposalivation in the multivariate analysis.

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“…Salivary flow is also known to be strongly involved because decreased volume of salivary flow, with its cleaning and antibacterial effects, exhibits a relationship with bacterial counts and signs of oral candidiasis [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%