Relationship between pulse-wave velocity and arterial elasticity

Abstract

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in situ in 11 isolated canine common carotid arteries. Seven arteries exhibited a linear PWV vs. pressure function at pressures ranging from 0 to 200 mmHg. Four arteries yielded a linear relationship between PWV and pressure between 1 and 100 mmHg; for these vessels the relationship was nonlinear at higher pressures. Seven arteries (five from the group which was linear up to 200 mmHg and two from the group which was linear up to 100 mmHg) were excised and pressure/volume measurements were made in vivo. Using pressure/volume data, the Moens-Korteweg equation was evaluated as a predictor of the PWV vs. pressure relationship over the linear region. An expression was developed to enable prediction of the pressure/volume relationship using the coefficients at the linear PWV vs. pressure function, and these predictions were evaluated. We found that, for this range, the Moens-Korteweg equation provides a very good basis for predicting the increase in PWV with increasing bias pressure. In addition, we found that the pressure/volume relationship of common carotid arteries is well represented by an exponential of the form V/V 0 = Ke αf(P) , which was derived as the inverse solution to the Moens-Korteweg equation.*

Accuracy and repeatability of fourier velocity encoded M‐mode and two‐dimensional cine phase contrast for pulse wave velocity measurement in the descending aorta

“…Fukui et al carried out a series of numerical simulations with fluid-structure interaction on a straight vessel model of limited length and finite wall thickness with blood flow and demonstrated that the Moens-Korteweg equation is in good agreement with their computational model for PWVs up to 10 m/s irrespective of the tube wall thickness (38). Callaghan et al showed that in the canine common carotid artery, which is dimensionally similar to the phantom used for our experiments, PWV values as predicted by the Moens-Korteweg equation after measurement of the vessel elastic modulus agreed well with values derived from intravascular pressure measurements over a relatively wide range of pressures (39). In the descending aorta, Duprez et al confirmed adherence of the Moens-Korteweg equation to MR-derived PWV values in a middle-aged cohort of healthy volunteers (40).…”

Localized standing waves in a hyperelastic membrane tube and their stabilization by a mean flow

“…The expression satisfying c 2 < γ 1 would recover the Moens-Korteweg formula c 0 = 3µH/(2ρ f R) for the pulse wave velocity in arteries if we took the further limit r ∞ → 1, λ 2∞ → 1, ρ → 0. This velocity value and its various improved forms [28] are often used in the medical community as a measure of the arterial stiffness and a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [29]. Figure 2 shows the fate of the four roots given by (3.4) as v f∞ is increased from 0.…”

Development of A Noninvasive Ultrasound Color M-Mode Means of Estimating Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension

“…The pressure pulse propagation wave speed is modulated primarily by 2 parameters, local compliance and downstream resistance. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] For short-term changes in PVR (as would occur with pulmonary vasodilators), no immediate morphological changes and, consequently, no significant local compliance changes in the PAs are expected. As a result, any changes in pressure propagation before and after early treatment would be primarily due to changes in downstream resistance.…”

“…14,15,17 However, changes in local pressure (and so local pressure gradient) due to the changes in the pulse propagation wave speed should also affect local velocities within the artery due to the close association between velocity and pressure fields. 17,19,20 By extension, pressure pulse propagation should also cause an equivalent Vel prop .…”