Relationship between PSD of Park Green Space and Attention Restoration in Dense Urban Areas

Abstract

Research shows that stress, a common problem in densely populated cities, can be relieved by exposure to the natural environment. As great significance has been attached to the relationship between the urban environment and public health, this paper aims to study the relationship and interaction between the perceived sensory dimensions of urban park green space, attention restoration, and state empathy. Therefore, we conducted an on-site questionnaire (PSD Scale) survey in four typical parks in Chengdu and recorded age, sex, daily stress, frequency of visits to parks, and other basic information from the respondents. In the survey and visit, we found that the group structure in the recreation area comprises chiefly of a few transient unfamiliar travelers and most long-haul neighborhood sightseers. Among long-haul vacationers, the greater part of them are moderately aged and older individuals in the encompassing local locations, whose lives are, for the most part, quick and proficient. Hence, to mirror the populace attributes of high-thickness metropolitan parks and to feature the agent bunches that have lived in the parks from here onward, indefinitely quite a while, the chosen bunches are somewhere in the range of 35 and 65 years old (half male and half female), so make sure there are no ailments, no drinking, and no late evenings in the earlier days, so a specific actual fundamental belief is kept up with. The main part of the exercise focused on the perceived dimension, state empathy, and attention restoration. The software SPSS24.0 was applied to the test of the validity and reliability of the perceived sensory dimension (PSD) Scale, and then the important correlation between the perceived sensory dimensions in the parks and visitors’ attention restoration was analyzed through multiple linear regression. Finally, the moderating effect of state empathy was tested by PROCESS. The findings show that (1) only seven dimensions in the PSD Scale are effective; (2) Serene and Refuge in the perceived sensory dimensions have a significant effect on the restorative components of attention. (3) Except for the dimensions of Rich in Species and Refuge, empathy enhanced the moderation effect in the interaction between the other five dimensions of the Perceived Restorative Scale (PRS), especially in the interaction between the Social and PRS dimensions. However, this topic needs to be further explored to provide a scientific basis and design strategy for research on the restoration potential of urban park green space in high-density urban areas.

Impact of the perceived sensory dimensions of an atypical environment on perceived environmental restorativeness ( Impacto de las dimensiones sensoriales percibidas de un ambiente atípico sobre la percepción de restauración ambiental )

“…The Serene dimension has been reported in numerous studies as one of the most restorative PSDs (Malekinezhad & Bin Lamit, 2017; Memari et al, 2017; Peschard & Stigsdotter, 2013; Zhu et al, 2022). In this study, it ranked second among the most restorative PSDs and was not significantly different from the highest-scoring dimension, Diverse.…”

“…La DSP Diversa se caracteriza por el colorido y la sensación de encontrarse ante variedad y abundancia de plantas (Stoltz, 2020), características que abonarían a la cualidad principal de la teoría de la restauración de la atención, la fascinación, así como a la de estar alejado. Malekinezhad y Bin Lamit (2017) y Zhu et al (2022) reportaron también altos niveles de percepción de restauración ambiental ante la exposición a Diversa. Por otro lado, la exposición a biodiversidad de hecho (no solo la percepción) ha sido positivamente correlacionada con el alivio de la fatiga mental (Fuller et al, 2007).…”

“…La dimensión Serena se ha reportado en numerosos estudios como una de las DSP más restaurativas (Malekinezhad & Bin Lamit, 2017; Memari et al, 2017; Peschard & Stigsdotter, 2013; Zhu et al, 2022). En este estudio obtuvo el segundo lugar entre las DSP más restaurativas y no fue significativamente distinta del primer lugar, Diversa.…”

“…The PSD Diverse is characterized by colour and the feeling of seeing a variety and abundance of plants (Stoltz, 2020), characteristics that would feed into the main quality defined in Attention Restoration Theory, Fascination, as well as that of Being Away. Malekinezhad and Bin Lamit (2017) and Zhu et al (2022) also reported high levels of perceived environmental restorativeness when exposed to the PSD Diverse. Furthermore, actual exposure to biodiversity (not just perception) has been positively correlated with mental fatigue relief (Fuller et al, 2007).…”

“…While the PSD variable was nominally used in this study, a solution for future evaluations would be to measure the degree to which each of the PSDs is perceived in the stimuli used (Qiu et al, 2021). Likewise, in this study each stimulus used was recognized only as one PSD, when there is the possibility that more than one single dimension was present, even if to a lesser degree, as conceptualized in the green areas used by Zhu et al (2022).…”