Relationship between power–duration parameters and mechanical and anthropometric properties of the thigh in elite cyclists

Kordi, Mehdi; Menzies, Campbell; Simpson, Len Parker

doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3807-1

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Unfortunately, the optimum protocol for evoking training improvements in D′ still remain elusive. The link between D′ and thigh circumference [20], as well as the considerably larger D′ values discovered in high-level male rugby players [21], provide some enticing insights related to the potential mechanisms by which D′ may be enhanced. Notwithstanding, the fact that the cycling equivalent of D′ (termed W′) may be potentiated with creatine supplementation [24,36], and that the W′ kinetics may be modelled on the basis of PCr kinetics [18], hints at a peripheral fatigue connection that seems to be associated with the VO 2 slow component that develops when intensities exceed CS/CP [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Progressive overload was implemented by adjusting the work speed by approximately 5% per week as tolerated. For each session and for each participant the heart rate (Polar H7, Polar, Kempele, Finland), speed (Stryd, Bolder, USA) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]) were continuously monitored and recorded. For safety, we set a speed-limit of 4.44-5.00 m/s depending on the speed tolerance of the individual.…”

Section: Hiit Program Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed Within the Secondary Severe-Intensity Domain Improves Critical Speed But Not Finite Distance Capacity

Thomas

Pettitt

Kramer

2020

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Improvements in D′ (the fatigability constant for running) subsequent to training interventions remain elusive. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) within the severe intensity domain for short durations (< 2-min) have been theorized to improve D′. The purpose of the present study was to assess this in a group of moderately trained individuals. Methods Eighteen participants completed graded exercise testing (GXT), 40-m sprint testing and a 3-min all-out test (3MT) for running to determine key mechanistic and physiological parameters. Participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups based on intensity prescription (G 140% = 140% of critical speed [CS]), or time intervals (G 90-s = 90-s) to complete a twice-weekly training intervention for 6-weeks followed by re-assessment. Results No between-group differences were present either prior to or following the intervention. Substantial and meaningful improvements were detected during the post-intervention period for both groups for VO 2max 0.62 m/s; G 90-s : M = 0.46 m/s), D′ (G 140% : M = − 56.34 m; G 90-s : M = − 18.36 m), FI% (G 140% M = − 6.75%; G 90-s : M = − 4.38%) and maximal distance (G 140% : M = 49.67 m; G 90-s : M = 58.38 m).Conclusions The prescribed intensities and durations were insufficient to elicit improvements in D′. Improvements in D′ may be dependent on very short-duration intervals (i.e. < 60 to 90-s) at speeds exceeding 140% CS but below maximal sprint speed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Hiit Program Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed Within the Secondary Severe-Intensity Domain Improves Critical Speed But Not Finite Distance Capacity

Thomas

Pettitt

Kramer

2020

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Firstly, the cyclists assumed their race cycling‐specific position, on a custom‐built ergometer that had the cast flywheel clamped, to ensure the cranks were stationary. In this position, architecture of the vastus lateralis (ie, pennation angle [Pθ VL ] and fascicle length [FL VL ]) was assessed at rest prior to exercise using ultrasound . Subsequently, the cyclists had surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes placed on three muscles of both legs (gluteus maximus [GM], biceps femoris long head [BF], and vastus lateralis [VL]) and mounted another custom‐modified isovelocity ergometer (again, the position mirrored their racing position).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and morphological determinants of peak power output in elite cyclists

Kordi

Folland

Goodall

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanical peak power output (PPO) is a determinant of performance in sprint cycling. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between PPO and putative physiological determinants of PPO in elite cyclists, and to compare sprint performance between elite sprint and endurance cyclists. Thirty-five elite cyclists (18 endurance; 17 sprint) performed duplicate sprint cycling laboratory tests to establish PPO and its mechanical components. Quadriceps femoris (Q VOL ) and hamstring muscle volume (HAM VOL ) were assessed with MRI, vastus lateralis pennation angle (Pθ VL ) and fascicle length (FL VL ) were determined with ultrasound imaging, and neuromuscular activation of three muscles was assessed using EMG at PPO during sprint cycling. For the whole cohort, there was a wide variability in PPO (range 775-2025 W) with very large, positive, bivariate relationships between PPO and Q VOL (r = .87), HAM VOL (r = .71), and Pθ VL (r = .81).Step-wise multiple regression analysis revealed that 87% of the variability in PPO between cyclists was explained by two variables Q VOL (76%) and Pθ VL (11%). The sprint cyclists had greater PPO (+61%; P < .001 vs endurance), larger Q VOL (P < .001), and BF VOL (P < .001) as well as more pennate vastus lateralis muscles (P < .001). These findings emphasize the importance of quadriceps muscle morphology for sprint cycling events. K E Y W O R D S maximum cadence, maximum power, maximum torque, muscle How to cite this article: Kordi M, Folland J, Goodall S, et al. Mechanical and morphological determinants of peak power output in elite cyclists. Scand J Med Sci Sports.

show abstract

“…This might account for the lack of a correlation between W′ and skeletal muscle fibre type reported in the current study and elsewhere(43) and suggests that W′ might be more closely linked to other physiological events. For example, a recent study has demonstrated, in a group of elite track cyclists, that W′ is positively correlated with the maximum force generating capacity of the knee extensors and gross thigh volume(24).Clearly, further research is required to resolve the physiological bases of W′.This investigation has demonstrated very strong positive correlations between critical power (CP) and skeletal muscle capillarity, particularly in relation to type I fibers, in endurance trained individuals. Moreover, CP was positively correlated with type I skeletal muscle fiber proportion and CSA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Critical power is positively related to skeletal muscle capillarity and type I muscle fibers in endurance-trained individuals

Mitchell

Martin

Bailey

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The asymptote [critical power (CP)] and curvature constant ( W') of the hyperbolic power-duration relationship can predict performance within the severe-intensity exercise domain. However, the extent to which these parameters relate to skeletal muscle morphology is less clear, particularly in endurance-trained individuals, who, relative to their lesser-trained counterparts, possess skeletal muscles that can support high levels of oxygen transport and oxidative capacity, i.e., elevated type I fiber proportion and cross-sectional area (CSA) and capillarity. Fourteen endurance-trained men performed a maximal incremental test to determine peak oxygen uptake (V̇o; 63.2 ± 4.1 ml·min·kg, mean ± SD) and maximal aerobic power (406 ± 63 W) and three to five constant-load tests to task failure for the determination of CP (303 ± 52 W) and W' (17.0 ± 3.0 kJ). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis and analyzed for percent proportion of fiber types, CSA, and indexes of capillarity. CP was positively correlated with the percent proportion ( r = 0.79; P = 0.001) and CSA ( r = 0.73; P = 0.003) of type I fibers, capillary-to-fiber ratio ( r = 0.88; P < 0.001), and capillary contacts around type I fibers ( r = 0.94; P < 0.001) and type II fibers ( r = 0.68; P = 0.008). W' was not correlated with any morphological variables. These data reveal a strong positive association between CP and skeletal muscle capillarity. Our findings support the assertion that CP is an important parameter of aerobic function and offer novel insights into the physiological bases of CP. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation demonstrated very strong positive correlations between critical power and skeletal muscle capillarity, particularly around type I fibers, and type I fiber composition. These correlations were demonstrated in endurance-trained individuals expected to possess well-adapted skeletal muscles, such as high levels of oxygen transport structures and high oxidative capacities, supporting the view that critical power is an important parameter of aerobic function. In contrast, the curvature constant W' was not associated with fiber type composition or capillarity.

show abstract

Relationship between power–duration parameters and mechanical and anthropometric properties of the thigh in elite cyclists

Abstract: In addition to muscle size, the maximal evocable force of a muscle (group) appears to be linked to the magnitude of the W' in elite cyclists.

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed Within the Secondary Severe-Intensity Domain Improves Critical Speed But Not Finite Distance Capacity

High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed Within the Secondary Severe-Intensity Domain Improves Critical Speed But Not Finite Distance Capacity

Mechanical and morphological determinants of peak power output in elite cyclists

Critical power is positively related to skeletal muscle capillarity and type I muscle fibers in endurance-trained individuals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About