Relationship between pituitary ACTH content and hypothalamic catecholamines in the rat

Lehnert, Hendrik; Beyer, J.; Reinstein, Daniel K.; Richardson, U. Ingrid; Wurtman, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/bf01852261

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus, both stimulatory cholinergic and serotoninergic mechanisms have been described (Tsagarakis, Holly, Rees, Besser and Grossman 1988;Owens, Knight, Ritchie and Nemeroff 199 la). The effects of the noradrenergic system on the CRH release are less certain, with stimulatory effects described under normal conditions and also possibly inhibitory effects under conditions of stress (Plotsky, Cunningham and Widmaier 1989;Al-Damluji, Perry, Tomlin, Bouloux, Grossman, Rees and Besser 1987;Lehnert, Beyer and Reinstein 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stress-, but Not Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Activation of the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Man is Blocked by Alprazolam

et al. 1994

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A number of experimental studies clearly suggest that benzodiazepines attenuate the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion possibly through inhibitory GABAergic neurons. There is some evidence that benzodiazepines act to inhibit stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. A comparison of the effects of a benzodiazepine on the stress- and CRH-induced activation in man has not been undertaken so far. We thus investigated the effects of the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam on both the stress- and CRH-induced changes in ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin secretion in ten healthy volunteers. In addition, hemodynamic parameters were studied. The subjects received either alprazolam (0.5 mg orally) or placebo 90 min prior to administration of CRH (100 ug i.v.) and to the performance of a mental stress technique. Blood samples, blood pressure and heart rate were taken every 15 min. The administration of alprazolam led to a highly significant attenuation of the ACTH increase following the stress interview. While ACTH increased from 12.4 to 26.7 pg/ml 15 min after the stress procedure in the placebo condition, there was almost no increase following alprazolam intake. An identical effect was found for cortisol secretion. Basal levels of prolactin were slightly enhanced in the alprazolam situation, while the stress-induced increase was not attenuated. Basal and stimulated systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and heart rate were also significantly attenuated by alprazolam intake. Following administration of CRH, the ACTH augmentation was only slightly affected following alprazolam, while there were no changes in cortisol and prolactin secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stress-, but Not Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Activation of the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Man is Blocked by Alprazolam

et al. 1994

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“…We have applied several para digms of hormone stimulation in order to achieve activation of distinct neuronal sys tems controlling the secretion of these hor mones. This was of particular interest since we had previously shown that tyrosine is ca pable of attenuating the stress-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion in experimental animals, thus suggesting that hypothalamic noradrenaline might possess a phasic inhibi tory effect on the pituitary-adrenal axis [75], The oral administration of 5 and 10 g of /-tyrosine clearly enhanced prolactin concen tration in healthy volunteers, with a maxi mum increase of approximately 120%. Fol lowing stimulation with either TRH or metoclopramide, the increase of prolactin was clearly attenuated when tyrosine was admin istered.…”

Section: Implication: Endocrine Effects Of Tyrosine In Humansmentioning

confidence: 95%

Amino Acid Control of Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Release: Physiological and Clinical Implications

Lehnert

Wurtman

1993

Psychother Psychosom

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Brain catecholamine and serotonin neurons are intimately involved in a number of physiological functions such as cardiovascular regulation, neuroendocrine secretion, regulation of behavior, mood and appetite control. The synthesis and release of these neurotransmitters appear to be remarkably correlated with the subsequent physiological changes observed. While there are numerous pharmacological approaches that affect the neurotransmitters involved (i.e., the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline as well as the indoleamine serotonin), one particularly attractive (while specific) approach involves the administration of a precursor amino acid. It is thus a prerequisite for the physiological and possibly therapeutic properties of the precursor amino acids l-tyrosine and l-tryptophan that they affect synthesis and release of their transmitter product. We will describe in detail the nature of the different neurochemical mechanisms guiding transmitter synthesis and their dependent physiological responses, in particular appetite control and neuroendocrine regulation.

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Effects of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan on the cardiovascular and endocrine system in humans

Lehnert

Beyer²,

Hellhammer³

1990

Amino Acids

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Relationship between pituitary ACTH content and hypothalamic catecholamines in the rat

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

The Stress-, but Not Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Activation of the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Man is Blocked by Alprazolam

The Stress-, but Not Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Activation of the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Man is Blocked by Alprazolam

Amino Acid Control of Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Release: Physiological and Clinical Implications

Effects of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan on the cardiovascular and endocrine system in humans

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