Relationship Between Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Attentional Inhibition

Baumgartner, Nicholas W.; Walk, Anne M.; Edwards, Caitlyn G.; Covello, Alicia R.; Chojnacki, Morgan R.; Reeser, Ginger E.; Taylor, Andrew M.; Holscher, Hannah D.; Khan, Naiman A.

doi:10.1123/jpah.2017-0181

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Several tests are available to the functional evaluation of cognitive parameters (Sanders and Lamers, 2002 ; Stins et al, 2007 ; Tsoi et al, 2015 ). Among them, the primary example of these tests are: STROOP Task (Erdodi et al, 2018 ), Simon Test (Stoet, 2017 ), Visual Spatial Attention (Tsai et al, 2016 ; Byun et al, 2017 ) and Eriksen Flanker Task (Swatridge et al, 2017 ; Baumgartner et al, 2018 ). The Visual Spatial Attention and Eriksen Flanker Task were used among the included studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Moderate Physical Exercise on Adult Cognition: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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Background: Physical exercise is a systematic sequence of movements executed with a predefined purpose. This muscular activity impacts not only on circulatory adaptations, but also neuronal integration with the potential to influence cognition. The aim of this review was to determine whether the literature supports the idea that physical exercise promotes cognitive benefits in healthy adults.Methods: A systematic search for relevant articles was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria using available databases (PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, Google Scholar and CENTRAL). The search terms included “humans” or “adults” or “cognition” or “awareness” or “cognitive dissonance” or “cognitive reserve” or “comprehension” or “consciousness” and “motor activity” or “exercise” or “physical fitness,” and not “aged” or “nervous system diseases,” with the purpose of finding associations between moderate physical exercise and cognition. A methodological quality and risk of bias unit assessed the eligibility of articles.Results: A total of 7179 articles were identified. Following review and quality assessment, three articles were identified to fulfill the inclusion criteria. An association between moderate physical exercise and cognition was observed. Improvements in cognitive parameters such as reduced simple reaction time, improved response precision and working memory were identified among the included articles.Conclusion: This systematic review found that moderate physical exercise improves cognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Moderate Physical Exercise on Adult Cognition: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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“…26,38 Both the percentage of fat mass and the physical activity level, which are variables that can differ within the same weight status group, have been observed to be more predictive of inhibition deficits. 39 However, those measurements have not been made in the present study. Such aspects should consequently be included in further studies that seek to clarify the relationships between obesity and eating behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Inhibition and shifting across the weight status spectrum

Mas

Chambaron

Chabanet

et al. 2022

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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Executive functioning (EF) is of major interest in the study of cognitive factors involved in obesity. Among EF, shifting is related to behavioral flexibility, and inhibition to the ability to refrain from impulsive behavior. A deficit in those two EF could predict individual difficulties to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Weak evidence of deficits in shifting and inhibition in individuals of higher Body Mass Index (BMI) have been observed. The objective was to clarify the relationship between inhibition and shifting regarding weight status group differences in healthy adults. Two neuropsychological tests from the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery were used to measure EF performance of three groups of men and women: normal-weight (NW, n=38), overweight (OW, n=40) and obesity (OB, n=37). The results show that individuals with higher BMI have lower inhibition capacities and that classically used weight status categories might not capture cognitive variability. No differences in shifting were observed concerning weight status nor BMI. This paper provides new insights on cognitive factors in obesity by presenting data from healthy individuals with overweight and obesity.The results support that assessing inhibition capacities might be of interest in a clinical setting for patients with difficulties to lose weight.

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“…Adipose tissue was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a Hologic Horizon W bone densitometer (APEX Software version 5.6.0.5; Hologic, Bedford, MA). Whole body percent body fat (%Fat) was assessed using the standard Hologic software, as previously described [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular Xanthophylls Are Related to Intellectual Ability among Adults with Overweight and Obesity

et al. 2018

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Excess adiposity or obesity has been inversely related to cognitive function and macular xanthophyll status. However, whether the neuroprotective effects of macular xanthophylls on cognitive function are independent of excess adiposity is unclear. We investigated the relationship between macular xanthophylls and intellectual ability among adults (N = 114) between 25 and 45 years with overweight and obesity (≥25 kg/m2). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and heterochromatic flicker photometry were used to assess whole body adiposity (%Fat) and macular pigment optical density (MPOD), respectively. Dietary xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) were assessed using 7-day diet records. The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 (KBIT-2) was used to assess general intelligence (IQ) as well as fluid and crystallized intelligence. Bivariate correlations revealed that MPOD was inversely related to %Fat and positively associated with IQ and fluid intelligence. Although %Fat was inversely correlated to IQ and fluid intelligence, this relationship did not persist following adjustment for sex and MPOD. Further, MPOD was an independent predictor of IQ and fluid intelligence. However, no significant relationships were observed between MPOD and crystalized intelligence. These results suggest that macular xanthophylls are selectively related to fluid intelligence, regardless of degree of adiposity among adults with overweight and obesity.

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Relationship Between Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Attentional Inhibition

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

The Effects of Moderate Physical Exercise on Adult Cognition: A Systematic Review

The Effects of Moderate Physical Exercise on Adult Cognition: A Systematic Review

Inhibition and shifting across the weight status spectrum

Macular Xanthophylls Are Related to Intellectual Ability among Adults with Overweight and Obesity

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