There is a need to determine the relationship between the function of the
immune system and miRNA expression in pediatric celiac disease (pCD). We
aimed to describe the expression profiles of miRNAs in Turkish pCD patients
based on the clinical and pathological findings. This study was conducted on
33 pCD patients and 33 pediatric control subjects with normal biopsy
results. Four most common mutations (DQA1*05, DQB1*02, DQA1*03, DQB1*03:0.2)
on HLA gene in pCD were screened. Paraffin-embedded biopsy tissue samples
were used in miRNA isolations followed by cDNA synthesis. Expression of
miRNAs were evaluated in the groups with qRT-PCR array-method. Significant
underexpression of hsa-miR-194-5p gene was detected in pCD patients compared
to the control group. The hsa-miR-194-5p gene was significantly
underexpressed in anemic or short stature pCD patients compared to the
control. The genes of hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-30e-5p, and hsa-miR-146a-5p
were significantly overexpressed in the patients with constipated celiac
patients. Significant overexpression of hsa-miR146a-5p gene was detected in
the Marsh2 and Marsh3a groups. The hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-30e-5p,
hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-27a-3p, hsa-miR141-3p, hsa-miR143-3p, and
hsa-miR-146a-5p miRNA genes were significantly overexpressed in the Marsh3b
group. Also, the hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-26a-5p genes were significantly
underexpressed in the comparison of Marsh3c group to the control. These
results suggest that miRNA expressions are likely to play a role in the
pathogenesis of pCD. It is believed that the current results present
valuable inferences that may help understand the genetic boundaries on pCD,
which might be further supported by follow up studies on other miRNAs.