Relationship between passive smoking, recurrent respiratory tract infections and otitis media in children

Gryczyńska, D; Kobos, Józef; Zakrzewska, Anna

doi:10.1016/s0165-5876(99)00178-0

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Members of both of these genera are prolific biofilm formers and have been associated with refractory and antibiotic-resistant disease (15,19). It is known that smokers are at a higher risk for developing invasive antibiotic-resistant infections (4,7,9,16,23,37), and the results of the present study suggest that smoking increases susceptibility to disease by promoting early acquisition and colonization of biofilmforming pathogens.…”

Section: Vol 79 2011 Smoking and Bacterial Colonization 4735supporting

confidence: 52%

Tobacco Smoking Affects Bacterial Acquisition and Colonization in Oral Biofilms

et al. 2011

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Recent evidence suggests that smoking affects the composition of the disease-associated subgingival biofilm, yet little is known about its effects during the formation of this biofilm. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the contributions of smoking to the composition and proinflammatory characteristics of the biofilm during de novo plaque formation. Marginal and subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 15 current smokers and from 15 individuals who had never smoked (nonsmokers) following 1, 2, 4, and 7 days of undisturbed plaque formation. 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing were used for bacterial identification, and multiplex bead-based flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of 27 immune mediators. Smokers demonstrated a highly diverse, relatively unstable initial colonization of both marginal and subgingival biofilms, with lower niche saturation than that seen in nonsmokers. Periodontal pathogens belonging to the genera Fusobacterium, Cardiobacterium, Synergistes, and Selenomonas, as well as respiratory pathogens belonging to the genera Haemophilus and Pseudomonas, colonized the early biofilms of smokers and continued to persist over the observation period, suggesting that smoking favors early acquisition and colonization of pathogens in oral biofilms. Smokers also demonstrated an early proinflammatory response to this colonization, which persisted over 7 days. Further, a positive correlation between proinflammatory cytokine levels and commensal bacteria was observed in smokers but not in nonsmokers. Taken together, the data suggest that smoking influences both the composition of the nascent biofilm and the host response to this colonization.

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Section: Vol 79 2011 Smoking and Bacterial Colonization 4735supporting

confidence: 52%

Tobacco Smoking Affects Bacterial Acquisition and Colonization in Oral Biofilms

et al. 2011

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“…Prior upper respiratory infection: current evidence in the literature suggests that prior URI on history is helpful in considering a diagnosis of AOM [24]. The results post-conference for history of prior URI showed a change in the opposite direction of what would be expected based on current evidence in the literature.…”

Section: Defining Medical Diagnostic Consensusmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diagnostic accuracy and the observation option in acute otitis media: the Capital Region Otitis Project

Gurnaney

Spor

Johnson

et al. 2004

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…34 Passive smoking also was identified previously as a risk factor for snoring among infants. 31,35 Thus, a secondary study goal was to determine whether presence of smoking in the household had a contributing effect on snoring and arousal indices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Snore-Associated Sleep Fragmentation in Infancy: Mental Development Effects and Contribution of Secondhand Cigarette Smoke Exposure

2006

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OBJECTIVE. The link between sleep-disordered breathing and neurocognitive functioning in preschool and school-aged children now has been established clearly. Within these age groups, isolated studies have examined the potential effect of snoring without gas exchange abnormalities on aspects of cognitive competence. The goal of the study was to test the potential association between snoring and decrements in developmental performance among infants.METHODS. Thirty-five healthy community infants (8.2 Ϯ 0.4 months) were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, including the Mental Development Index (MDI), after standard, overnight research polysomnography.RESULTS. The apnea-hypopnea index for all infants was 0. Respiratory arousal index was significantly correlated with MDI. Snoring-associated arousals accounted exclusively for this relationship; spontaneous arousals and those that were associated with central apnea and oxyhemoglobin desaturation episodes (Ն4%) were not significantly correlated with MDI. Living in a smoking household was not significantly associated with the presence of objectively recorded snoring but was associated with an increase in arousal frequency in snoring infants.CONCLUSIONS. Infants with lower scores on a standardized mental development assessment had higher snoring-arousal indices. Because neither apnea nor hypopnea was present, these findings constitute additional evidence that snoring is not just an innocent noise during sleep in infants but may in fact represent the lower end of the disease spectrum associated with sleep-disordered breathing. Secondhand exposure to cigarette smoke may increase the deleterious effects of infant snoring. e496MONTGOMERY-DOWNS and GOZAL by guest on May 12, 2018 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ Downloaded from T HERE IS NOW substantial and compelling evidence indicating that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during early childhood is deleterious to cognition. Furthermore, SDB in early childhood leads to greater utilization of health care resources, 1 more frequent dosedependent cardiovascular morbidity 2,3 and comorbid chronic illnesses, 4,5 as well as greater psychiatric and behavioral comorbidities. 6-10 Impairments associated with SDB have been shown on cognition and school performance. 6,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16] The cumulative evidence points to at least partial reversibility of many of these effects in children [17][18][19][20] and in animal models, 21,22 highlighting the importance of early detection of pediatric SDB. Indeed, failure to thrive associated with SDB, which has been reported in up to 52% of patient samples, has been shown to be reversible in infants who are younger than 18 months after treatment. 23 Although report of snoring history is insufficient for diagnosis of SDB, it is known that snoring is reliably present in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). 24 The prevalence of SDB among school-aged children is estimated at 2% to 3%, 25,26 and symptoms that are consistent with risk for SDB have been repo...

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Relationship between passive smoking, recurrent respiratory tract infections and otitis media in children

Cited by 59 publications

References 6 publications

Tobacco Smoking Affects Bacterial Acquisition and Colonization in Oral Biofilms

Tobacco Smoking Affects Bacterial Acquisition and Colonization in Oral Biofilms

Diagnostic accuracy and the observation option in acute otitis media: the Capital Region Otitis Project

Snore-Associated Sleep Fragmentation in Infancy: Mental Development Effects and Contribution of Secondhand Cigarette Smoke Exposure

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