Relationship between parental stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder: The moderating effect of visitation restrictions in paediatric intensive care units during COVID‐19

Abstract

BackgroundVisitation restrictions due to COVID‐19 kept parents from being with their children who were hospitalized in the PICU and from meeting with professional staff.AimThis study examined the moderating effect of COVID‐19‐induced visitation restrictions on the relationship between stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder in parents of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit.Study DesignWe conducted a descriptive, exploratory study involving 93 parents of children hospitalized in the paediatric intensive care unit using the Korean version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and the Revised Impact of Events Scale. Descriptive, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the data. Self‐reported survey questionnaires were provided for parents to complete in a separate area of the outpatient clinic when they visited for follow‐up care after their children were discharged from the paediatric intensive care unit.ResultsMothers showed significantly higher post‐traumatic stress disorder scores than fathers. The relationship between all the sub‐domains of perceived stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder was statistically significant. Visitation restrictions because of the COVID‐19 pandemic had significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived parental stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, the moderating effects of COVID‐19 were exhibited when the two sub‐domains—hyperarousal and intrusion—were investigated.ConclusionsPaediatric intensive care unit visitation may be an important intervention for parental post‐traumatic stress disorder. Parental visitation should be enabled, and alternative interventions should be developed in situations where visitation is prohibited.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is necessary to develop and apply various and effective alternatives visitation that can prepare hospitals for visiting restrictions during pandemic situations which could emerge in the future.

Spotlight on the upcoming British Association of Critical Care Nurses conference and other clinical issues

“…Li et al 20 conducted a multicentre survey to explore Chinese nurses' and patients' families' attitudes about an open visitation policy for the ICU. The studies by Cho et al 21 and Wray et al 22 both explore the impact of visiting restrictions in paediatric ICUs during the COVID pandemic, in the Republic of Korea and in the United Kingdom respectively. The issue concludes with a critical commentary by Bichard and Butler 23 around the impact of restricted visits in paediatric ICUs.…”