Relationship Between Parent and Child Physical Activity Using Novel Acceleration Metrics

Abstract

Purpose: This study builds a stochastic model of a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) that fits well with a dataset of professional playing records. Methods: The point-by-point dataset of Men's single matches played in the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tour from 2011 to 2015 is analyzed. A long-debated assumption on the iid-ness in the point winning probability of the server is statistically tested. A DTMC model is then developed to analyze the dataset further. Results: The statistical test results indicate that the identicality of point winning probabilities is not a valid assumption. For example, the server's point winning probability from scores 40:0, 30:15, 15:30, and 0:40 are significantly different. On the other hand, the independence is a generally valid assumption except for 40:15 where who won the previous point influences the point winning probability. Game winning probabilities and the importance of each point in winning a game are analyzed using the DTMC model by court surfaces and player groups of the different levels of serve effectiveness. Conclusion: Extensive empirical validation concludes unsealed debates over the stochastic models for tennis. The presented results reveal interesting properties in professional tennis matches.

Parents’ and Children’s (6–12 Years Old) Physical Activity Association: A Systematic Review from 2001 to 2020

“…In those which did report, 51.3% of the children were girls and 68.1% of the parents were mothers. To report PA levels of children, several measuring instruments were used: questionnaires in 17 studies (unique instrument in 15 [ 25 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ] and together with a pedometer in two [ 55 , 56 ]), accelerometer in 11 studies [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ], and pedometer in six studies (unique instrument in four [ 68 , 69 , 70 ], together with questionnaire in another two [ 55 , 56 ]). To report PA levels of parents, several measuring instruments were also used: questionnaire or survey in 24 studies (unique instrument in 23 [ 25 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ,…”

“…Most of the studies’ results ( n = 25) found a relation between parent’s PA or sport participation and children’s PA level or sport participation [ 25 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Four studies [ 51 , 53 , 64 , 67 ] did not find this relation and the other three [ 55 , 63 , 66 ] found relations between PA related features (dog walking and PA, parent’s PA and children’s BMI or body fat, and evidence of short co-participation parent/children PA time).…”

“…The most significant result was that the majority ( n = 25, ~78%) of the studies found a relation between parents’ and children’s PA, with only four [ 51 , 53 , 64 , 67 ] not finding any kind of significant relation between parents and children’s PA. To the best of our knowledge, there were no other systematic reviews conducted strictly on children aged 6–12 years old. Thus, comparing present findings with previous ones may be a challenging task.…”

Negosiasi Pada Keluarga Campuran: Studi Tentang Keluarga Tiri

“…Keluarga dengan orang tua dan anak-anak yang tinggal bersama sangat mendukung proses ini, sedangkan anak-anak yang dibesarkan dalam keluarga yang tidak utuh mengalami masalah dalam pencapaian prestasi, kognisi, emosi, dan perilaku (Steinbach dan Augustijn, 2022;Wang et al, 2022;. Keluarga merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi partisipasi anak dalam kegiatan fisik (Donnelly et al, 2022;Han dan Zheng, 2016;Mulhall et al, 2011). Selain itu, struktur keluarga berdampak pada anak (Ha et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2016).…”

How family structure influences middle-school students’ involvement in physical exercise and their academic achievement in China

“…A family with parents and children living together best supports this process, whereas children raised in non-intact families lag in terms of their academic achievement (AA), cognition, emotions, and health behaviors (Steinbach and Augustijn, 2022;. Family is considered to be an important factor affecting children's participation in physical exercise (PE), with previous research demonstrating that the PE levels of children and parents are positively correlated (Donnelly et al, 2022;Han and Zheng, 2016;Mulhall et al, 2011). Moreover, family structure has a direct impact on PE behaviors, which are transmitted by parents to children; parents who regularly participate in PE play an obvious demonstrating and guiding role (Ha et al, 2022;.…”