Relationship between overfeeding and overconditioning in the dry period and the problems of high producing dairy cows during the postparturient period

Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Kruip, Th.A.M.; Wensing, Theo

doi:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694997

Cited by 147 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…7 Mild and moderate fatty liver can result in changes in liver function that are not accompanied by hepatocyte destruction and increases in liver-specific enzyme activities. 6,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] There are significant alterations in the results of specific tests for liver function, particularly in dairy cows with severe fatty liver; however, it is emphasized that they should be interpreted with caution because of considerable individual variation. The present study is consistent with previous work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Sodium Borate in the Prevention of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows

Basoglu¹,

Sevinc²,

Birdane³

et al. 2002

J Vet Int Med

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The effects of sodium borate (100 mg/kg body weight, PO, 15 days) from a month before expected calving until a month after calving were evaluated in dairy cows susceptible to fatty liver. Cows received either sodium borate (n ϭ 13) or no treatment (n ϭ 10). All cows had mild fatty livers and increased plasma triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations at the beginning of the experiment. The control group of cows developed significant fatty liver after calving, and 2 of them had severe fatty liver associated with clinical and biochemical abnormalities. There were no clinicopathological signs related to sodium borate administration. Serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations before calving decreased significantly at calving and after calving in controls, and they were within the normal range only after calving. There were significant alterations during the experiment in some hematological and chemical variables between groups, within period, but they were within the normal range. Unlike treated cows, serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations correlated with liver fat content after calving in untreated cows. Our results document that sodium borate decreases the degree of fatty liver in dairy cows during early lactation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Sodium Borate in the Prevention of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows

Basoglu¹,

Sevinc²,

Birdane³

et al. 2002

J Vet Int Med

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show abstract

“…These NEFA are transported to the liver and, due to insufficient export from the liver by lipoproteins, fat is deposited as triacylglycerol (TAG) in this organ. Cows being overconditioned at the end of pregnancy are at risk of accumulation of moderate (> 10%) or even high (> 20%) amounts of TAG in the liver; such cows have been shown to be more susceptible to disease [35,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a single injection of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate on the lymphocyte functions of dairy cows at two weeks post partum

et al. 2004

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-Dexamethasone is a potent therapeutic for treatment of the fatty liver syndrome or primary ketosis in post partum dairy cows. Reservations exist, however, among practitioners with respect to the risk of immunosuppression induced by corticosteroids. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single injection of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate on distinct immune functions of postpartum dairy cows because only scarce information is available on the effects of corticosteroid preparations when administered at a dosage and frequency for treatment of the fatty liver syndrome or primary ketosis. Sixteen Swedish red-pied dairy cows, between days 9 and 15 post partum, were allotted to either a control group (n = 8) or a treatment group (n = 8). The cows in the treatment group received a single intramuscular injection of a dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate suspension at a dosage of 0.02 mg/kg i.m. at the start of the experiment. White blood cell counts and selected lymphocyte functions (lymphocyte proliferation, expression of lymphocyte markers and the β2 and α4 chain of adhesion molecules belonging to the integrin family) and some parameters of the energy metabolism (glucose, insulin) were determined before the administration of corticosteroids (day 0) and subsequently at days 2, 4, 7 and 9 of the experiment. Changes in glucose and insulin were within the target range for treatment of the fatty liver syndrome or primary ketosis. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the number of circulating white blood cells were observed in treated cows on the second day following treatment which was exclusively caused by an increase in the number of circulating neutrophils. Lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to ConA and the percentages of lymphocytes positive for CD2, CD4, CD8, CD49d and CD18 as well as the intensity of CD49d expression did not differ between the treatment and control groups. There was, however, a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the intensity of CD18 expression on lymphocytes in the treated animals on the fourth day after treatment. In conclusion, a single administration of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate in a dosage of 0.02 mg/kg i.m. at two weeks post partum in healthy cows had a significant but highly transient effect on CD18 expression on lymphocytes and the number of peripheral blood neutrophils, but did not affect lymphocyte blastogenesis or lymphocyte subpopulation patterns in peripheral blood.

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“…Glucose concentrations were not influenced by DLS. FFA plasma concentrations declined during the second day of maternal separation, but when nursing was allowed again at postnatal 11 d, their values matched those of controls up to postnatal 16 d. Free fatty acids are released by the action of hormone sensitive lipase on TG stores in adipose tissue and increased FFA concentrations are indicative of negative energy balance (Emery et al, 1992;Rukkwamsuk et al, 1999). Hence, decreased circulating FFA may reflect redirection of fat metabolism towards reduced lipolysis due to increased plasma insulin concentrations.…”

Section: Ffa (Mm/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adaptations in neonatal mother-deprived rabbits

et al. 2010

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ABSTRACT:In order to study the metabolic adaptation in response to 48 h transient doe-litter separation (DLS) in young rabbits (5 rabbits/d group) between postnatal 9 and 11 d, plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, insulin, leptin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) were examined before (6-8 d), during (9-11 d), and after separation (12-16 d). T3 concentrations in newborn control rabbits gradually increased from 0.6 ng/mL at postnatal 6 d to 1.0 ng/mL at postnatal 16 d, whereas those of T4 remained fairly constant (25 ng/mL) up to postnatal 14 d, when T4 gradually declined to 8 ng/mL. T3 values of DLS newborn rabbits did not differ from those of controls at postnatal 10 and 11 d, but were lower (P<0.05) at postnatal 12 d, while T4 concentrations in DLS animals increased, although not signifi cantly, between postnatal 10 and 12 d compared to controls. Insulin concentrations in young control rabbits ranged between 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L in the early postnatal days, whereas those for leptin averaged 2-3 ng/mL. Insulin and leptin values in DLS newborn rabbits were lower (P<0.05) at postnatal 10 and 11 d, but thereafter rebounded to levels close to those of controls. Glycaemia showed a comparable trend in both groups, ranging between 170 and 190 mg/dL up to postnatal 14 d, but thereafter decreased (P<0.05) to values of 120-130 mg/dL independently of treatment. Concentrations of TG varied greatly from day to day around a mean value of 300 mg/dL, whereas those of FFA remained at approximately the same steady-state levels from postnatal 6 to 16 d, averaging 0.8 mM without any signifi cant differences between groups. In conclusion, these fi ndings confi rm that newborn rabbits can cope with the metabolic stress of starvation associated with DLS by lowering insulin and leptin concentrations while maintaining those of thyroid hormones, an overall endocrine response which, together with temporary increase of glucorticoids, successfully maintains an adequate energy balance.

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Relationship between overfeeding and overconditioning in the dry period and the problems of high producing dairy cows during the postparturient period

Cited by 147 publications

References 107 publications

Efficacy of Sodium Borate in the Prevention of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows

Efficacy of Sodium Borate in the Prevention of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows

The effects of a single injection of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate on the lymphocyte functions of dairy cows at two weeks post partum

Metabolic adaptations in neonatal mother-deprived rabbits

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