Relationship Between Otoliths and Nystagmus

Janeke, Johan B.; Jongkees, L. B. W.; Qosterveld, W. J.

doi:10.3109/00016487009123330

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore it has been postulated that otolith information is further processed centrally to induce the direction-specific horizontal eye velocity signal (Raphan et al 1983b). In agreement with this interpretation, horizontal nystagmus during OVAR is lost in the rabbit after the utricutar nerves have been cut (Janeke et al 1970). …”

Section: Off-vertical Axis Rotationsupporting

confidence: 52%

Gaze stabilization in the primate

Waespe

Henn

1987

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

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Section: Off-vertical Axis Rotationsupporting

confidence: 52%

Gaze stabilization in the primate

Waespe

Henn

1987

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

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“…Similarly, CR provides rotating linear acceleration stimulus, but without relative initial angular acceleration. In animals, OVAR has been tested in several lateral-eyed mammals, including rabbits (Janeke et al, 1970; Maruta et al, 2001) and rats (Brettler et al, 2000; Hess & Dieringer, 1990; Rabbath et al, 2001), and CR has been tested in gerbils (Kaufman, 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved otolith organ function in caspase-3-deficient mice with impaired horizontal semicircular canal function

et al. 2015

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Genetically engineered mice are valuable models for elucidation of auditory and vestibular pathology. Our goal was to establish a comprehensive vestibular function testing system in mice using: 1) horizontal angular vestibular-ocular reflex (hVOR) to evaluate semicircular canal function, and 2) otolith-ocular reflex (OOR) to evaluate otolith organ function, and to validate the system by characterizing mice with vestibular dysfunction. We used pseudo-off vertical axis rotation (pOVAR) to induce an otolith-only stimulus using a custom-made centrifuge. For the OOR, horizontal slow phase eye velocity (HEV) and vertical eye position (VEP) was evaluated as a function of acceleration. Using this system, we characterized hVOR and OOR in the caspase-3 (Casp3) mutant mice. Casp3 −/− mice had severely impaired hVOR gain, while Casp3 +/− mice had an intermediate response compared to WT mice. Evaluation of OOR revealed that at low to mid frequencies and stimulus intensity, Casp3 mutants and WT mice had similar responses. At higher frequencies and stimulus intensity, the Casp3 mutants displayed mildly reduced otolith organ related responses. These findings suggest that the Casp3 gene is important for the proper function of the semicircular canals but less important for the otolith organ function.

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“…Labyrinthectomized and canal-plugged preparations have indicated that it is the otolith organs and not the semicircular canals that are responsible for the sustained nystagmus observed during OVAR (Janecke et al 1970;Correia and Money 1970;Cohen et al 1983). However, responses from primary otolith afferents can not be directly related to the steady-state eye velocity component, since they exhibit only a sinusoidal modulation during OVAR (Goldberg and Fernandez 1982;Raphan et al 1983).…”

Section: The Problem Of Angular Velocity Detection By the Otolith Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional coding of linear acceleration and the angular velocity sensitivity of the otolith system

Angelaki

1992

Biol. Cybern.

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There exist otolith-sensitive vestibular nuclei neurons with spatio-temporal properties that can be described by two response vectors that are in temporal and spatial quadrature. These neurons respond to the component of a stimulus vector on a plane rather than a single axis. It is demonstrated here that these "two-dimensional" linear accelerometer neurons can function as one-dimensional angular velocity detectors. The two-dimensional property in both space and time allows these neurons to encode the component of the stimulus angular velocity vector that is normal to the plane defined by the two response vectors. The angular velocity vector in space can then be reconstructed by three populations of such neurons having linearly independent response planes. Thus, we propose that these two-dimensional spatio-temporal linear accelerometer neurons, in addition to participating in functions of the otolith system that are based on detection of linear acceleration, are also involved in the generation of compensatory ocular responses during off-vertical axis rotations.

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Relationship Between Otoliths and Nystagmus

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Gaze stabilization in the primate

Gaze stabilization in the primate

Preserved otolith organ function in caspase-3-deficient mice with impaired horizontal semicircular canal function

Two-dimensional coding of linear acceleration and the angular velocity sensitivity of the otolith system

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