Relationship between obesity and structural brain abnormality: Accumulated evidence from observational studies

Han, Yipeng; Tang, Xingyao; Han, Min; Jy, Yang; Cardoso, Marly Augusto; Zhou, Jianbo; Simó, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101445

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The performance on the memory task was significantly lower for the participants who had a high BMI, corresponding with obese individuals, compared to individuals with a normal weight in this study. Previous research [37] found that individuals with a higher BMI had greater hippocampal atrophy, which is expressed as a reduction in hippocampus volume and is associated with deficits in memory. Similar to Yang and colleagues [31], this study showed that obese participants performed significantly worse on the modified digit span backwards working memory task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Obesity and Neurocognitive Performance of Memory, Attention, and Executive Function

Lentoor

2022

NeuroSci

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Background: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of dementia in the future. Obesity is known to affect core neural structures, such as the hippocampus, and frontotemporal parts of the brain, and is linked to memory, attention, and executive function decline. The overwhelming majority of the data, however, comes from high-income countries. In undeveloped countries, there is little evidence of a link between obesity and neurocognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BMI on the key cognitive functioning tasks of attention, memory, and executive function in a South African cohort. Methods: A total of 175 females (NW: BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 and OB: BMI > 30.0 kg/m2) aged 18–59 years (M = 28, SD = 8.87 years) completed tasks on memory, attention, and executive functioning. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups. The participants who had a BMI corresponding with obesity performed poorly on the tasks measuring memory (p = 0.01), attention (p = 0.01), and executive function (p = 0.02) compared to the normal-weight group. Conclusions: When compared to normal-weight participants, the findings confirm the existence of lowered cognitive performance in obese persons on tasks involving planning, decision making, self-control, and regulation. Further research into the potential underlying mechanism by which obesity impacts cognition is indicated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Obesity and Neurocognitive Performance of Memory, Attention, and Executive Function

Lentoor

2022

NeuroSci

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“…The relationships between oestrogen exposure, body composition, and brain health in females are complex and largely unexplored. The menopause transition is linked to an accelerated increase of central fat accumulation ( Lizcano and Guzmán, 2014 ), and abdominal adipose tissue has been associated with higher grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain age ( Beck et al, 2022 , Beck et al, 2022 , Subramaniapillai et al, 2022 ), WM hyperintensities (WMH) ( Arnoldussen et al, 2019 , Han et al, 2021 , Lampe et al, 2019 , Pasha et al, 2017 , Park et al, 2018 , Vuorinen et al, 2014 ), and dementia risk ( Kiliaan et al, 2014 , Tang et al, 2021 , Razay et al, 2006 , Whitmer et al, 2008 ). However, in females, adipose tissue also serves as the primary biosynthesis site of oestrogens post-menopause ( Steiner and Berry, 2022 , Bhardwaj et al, 2019 , Kershaw and Flier, 2004 , Siiteri, 1987 , Simpson, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between abdominal adipose tissue, reproductive span, and brain characteristics in post-menopausal women

Schindler

Subramaniapillai

Barth

et al. 2022

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…Higher BP, diabetes markers, liver enzymes, triglycerides, and low IGF-1 and 25(OH)D may also be related to Subgroup II brain outcomes, while inflammation and kidney stress may be related to adverse brain outcomes in Subgroup III. Some associations were expected based on previous findings, including associations of obesity [12][13][14] and diabetes 15,16 with lower HV, GMV and TBV, and higher WMH volume. Obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to greater caudate iron deposition, 17 while higher BP has been linked to greater severity of WMHs.…”

Section: Biomarker-brain Mri Sensitivity Analysesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Metabolic profile‐based subgroups can identify differences in brain volumes and brain iron deposition

Lumsden

Mulugeta

Mäkinen

et al. 2022

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aims: To evaluate associations of metabolic profiles and biomarkers with brain atrophy, lesions, and iron deposition to understand the early risk factors associated with dementia.Materials and methods: Using data from 26 239 UK Biobank participants free from dementia and stroke, we assessed the associations of metabolic subgroups, derived using an artificial neural network approach (self-organizing map), and 39 individual biomarkers with brain MRI measures: total brain volume (TBV), grey matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), hippocampal volume (HV), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and caudate iron deposition.Results: In metabolic subgroup analyses, participants characterized by high triglycerides and liver enzymes showed the most adverse brain outcomes compared to the healthy reference subgroup with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low body mass index (BMI) including associations with GMV (β standardized À0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] À0.24 to À0.16), HV (β standardized À0.09, 95% CI À0.13 to À0.04), WMH volume (β standardized 0.22, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.26), and caudate iron deposition (β standardized 0.30, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.34), with similar adverse associations for the subgroup with high BMI, C-reactive protein and cystatin C, and the subgroup with high blood pressure (BP) and apolipoprotein B. Among the biomarkers, striking associations were seen between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and caudate iron deposition (β standardized 0.23, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.24 per 1 SD increase), GMV (β standardized À0.15, 95% CI À0.16 to À0.14) and HV (β standardized À0.11, 95% CI À0.12 to À0.10), and between BP and WMH volume (β standardized 0.13, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.14 for diastolic BP).Conclusions: Metabolic profiles were associated differentially with brain neuroimaging characteristics. Associations of BMR, BP and other individual biomarkers may provide insights into actionable mechanisms driving these brain associations.

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Relationship between obesity and structural brain abnormality: Accumulated evidence from observational studies

Cited by 27 publications

References 96 publications

Obesity and Neurocognitive Performance of Memory, Attention, and Executive Function

Obesity and Neurocognitive Performance of Memory, Attention, and Executive Function

Associations between abdominal adipose tissue, reproductive span, and brain characteristics in post-menopausal women

Metabolic profile‐based subgroups can identify differences in brain volumes and brain iron deposition

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