Relationship Between Obesity and Periodontal Disease after Minimally Invasive Sleeve Gastrostomy

Abstract

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease. Its relationship with periodontal disease and other chronic diseases is well documented but the underlying mechanism is under investigation. It is quite difficult to say whether obesity predisposes an individual to periodontal disease or periodontal disease affects lipid metabolism, or both. The purpose of the study consists in evaluating the periodontal clinical parameters in obese patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, before and after surgical treatment of obesity through the procedure called gastric sleeve Our study consists of a group of 38 patients diagnosed with morbid obesity who were surgically treated by gastric sleeve surgery at the Surgery Department II of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital Targu Mures. Patients with pre-operative and psot-operative examination at 3 months and 6 months respectively in which either periodontal index were index of plaque, index of probing depth and index of bleeding on probing. Correlations between parondontal clinical indexes (PD, PI, BOP) were calculated before and after gastric sleeve at 3 and 6 months respectively. The bleeding on probing index (BOP) reveals a complete decrease in postoperative bleeding time. Patients at 3 months experience minor bleeding during testing and no longer showing bleeding at 6 months. The results provide evidence that there is a link between obesity and periodontitis, however the risk factors that aggravate these diseases should be clarified to elucidate the direction of this association.

A Comprehensive Summary of the Current Understanding of the Relationship between Severe Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Inflammatory Status

“…Hypothesizing that inflammation, represented through increased values of IL-6 and CRP, correlated with leptin in patients following acute myocardial infarction, could be due to the involvement of leptin in the signaling cascade following myocardial ischemia, the study of Karthick et al showed a relationship between serum leptin and IL-6 levels, demonstrating leptins' involvement in inflammatory cytokine upregulation during heart ischemia [39,40].…”

“…Phillips et al reported a positive benefit of weight loss through surgical procedures after a period of weight stabilization. Because of the cell diversity that produces the same cytokines, body weight loss as a result of bariatric surgery improves one specific set of cytokine-producing cells' metabolic phenotype, causing a reduction in a specific cytokine from that tissue, but this may drive production in another cell type in the short term [40,41].…”