Relationship between nutrient factors and osteo-sono assessment index in calcaneus of young Japanese women

Dietary protein and bone health across the life-course: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis over 40 years

“…There were no studies of BUA in children. In adults, four studies found that protein intake was positively associated with calcaneal BUA (15,34,41,52). In one of these studies total protein intake was negatively associated with calcaneal BUA but the association disappeared when adjusting for animal: vegetable protein ratio (34).…”

“…Of these 74 studies, 12 were in children or adolescents (3, 17-21, 24, 25, 37, 38, 45, 48), with 1 study combining data from adults and children (44). Also, 13 studies were in premenopausal women (1,4,14,15,29,30,32,43,47,52,57,62,74), 21 in postmenopausal women (2, 6-8, 11, 12, 16, 22, 33, 39-42, 46, 55, 59, 61, 63, 65, 70, 72), 7…”

“…Sixty-one studies assessed total protein intake only but 2 studies assessed both soy and total protein (5,8), one study assessed soy protein only(6), 10 studies assessed animal and/or vegetable protein intake in addition to total protein (7,15,16,19,20,34,47,54,58,71) and one study assessed soy, animal, vegetable and total protein (13).…”