Relationship between mycoparasites lifestyles and biocontrol behaviors against Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins production

Abstract

Global food security research is seeking eco-friendly solutions to control mycotoxins in grain infected by fungi (molds). In particular, mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. outbreak is a chronic threat for cereal grain production, human, and animal health. In this review paper, we discuss up-to-date biological control strategies in applying mycoparasites as biological control agents (BCA) to prevent plant diseases in crops and mycotoxins in grain, food, and feed. The aim is to increase food safety and to minimize economic losses due to the reduced grain yield and quality. However, recent papers indicate that the study of the BCA specialists with biotrophic lifestyle lags behind our understanding of the BCA generalists with necrotrophic lifestyle. We examine critical behavioral traits of the two BCA groups of mycoparasites. The goal is to highlight their major characteristics in the context of future research towards an efficient biocontrol strategy against mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species. The emphasis is put on biocontrol of Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum, and F. culmorum causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals and their mycotoxins.

Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research to Ensure Quality and Safety of Products

“…The USDA list of fungi (Table S1) indicates that Cannabis is also host for Trichoderma and Trichothecium (T. roseum), potential biological control agents (BCA) [93]. However, such generalists also pose important health risks [94]. Indeed, BCA based on Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys produce trichothecenes, which are known mycotoxins.…”

“…Thus, fungal disease control options are currently limited: chemicals are controversial, while safe BCA are yet to be determined. This situation highlights the need for further research to find better BCA, based on specific-biotrophic mycoparasites-such as Sphaerodes against Fusaria and Ampelomyces against Erysiphales-to prevent and control plant diseases and mycotoxin accumulation [94]. It is of particular interest to select safe biocontrol candidates as public perception goes in support of eco-friendly BCA products against plant pests [96].…”

Commercial Biocontrol Agents Reveal Contrasting Comportments Against Two Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Cereals: Fusarium Graminearum and Fusarium Verticillioides

“…Microorganisms can then enter into nutritional competition when they need the same essential nutrient, or into spatial competition when they occupy the same limited space [14,15]. Parasitism is a direct attack of pathogen by the BCA that will degrade or consume the pathogen host until it dies [16]. Some mechanisms can be indirect.…”

Involvement of jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid signaling pathways behind the systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum H9 in cucumber

“…The expression of defense-related proteins can be strongly potentiated when plants are challenged by additional pathogens, even at sites distant from the location of Trichoderma colonization [3]. Along with other defense strategies, the production of secondary metabolites, such as phytoalexins, plays important roles in the plant defense against B. cinerea [26,[28][29][30][31][32]. Collectively, it is likely that Trichoderma spp.…”