Relationship Between Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Well as Other Leukocyte-Derived Ratios and Carotid Plaques in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A RCSCD-TCM Study

Abstract

Purpose This study explored the relationship between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) as well as other leukocyte-derived ratios and carotid plaques in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Patients and Methods A total of 12,093 patients with CHD were selected as research participants. Leukocyte-derived ratios assessed in this study included neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), MLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), white blood cell-to-mean platelet volume ratio (WMR), lymphocyte×neutrophil/10 4 ratio (MNM), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI). Leukocyte-derived ratios were divided into four groups according to quarters. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between leukocyte-derived ratios and the incidence, number, and echo characteristics of carotid plaques in patients with CHD. Further analysis was performed after adjusting for confounding factors. Results Among the 12,093 participants, 71.7% had carotid plaques. After adjusting for confounding factors, MLR, NLR, dNLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and WMR were found to be associated with carotid plaque formation. Among them, MLR had the strongest association with the incidence of carotid plaques (odd ratio[OR]:1.889; 95% confidence interval[CI]:1.406–2.539) and hyperechoic plaques (OR:2.024; 95% CI:1.481–2.767). When MLR was viewed as a categorical variable, the risk of carotid plaque formation in Q4 was 1.4 times higher than that in Q1. The relationship between MLR and carotid plaques in females (OR:2.250; 95% CI:1.458–3.473) was stronger than that in males (OR: 1.638; 95% CI:1.102–-2.436). The relationship between MLR and carotid plaques in patients younger than 65 years (OR:3.597; 95% CI:2.379–5.439) was stronger than that in those older than 65 years (OR:1.577; 95% CI:1.046–2.378). Conclusion Leukocyte-derived ratios were related to the incidence, number, and echo characteristics of carotid plaques. In particular, MLR, an inflammatory biomarker that encompasses innate and adaptive immunity, may be of great value in revealing the incidence and echo characteristics of plaques.

Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Chinese population

“…Body weight and height were measured following standardized procedures, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight divided by height squared ( 30 , 31 ). The patients’ systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured three times using a mercury sphygmomanometer while the subject in a sitting position for at least 5 min, and the mean value was recorded ( 21 , 31 ). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated: PP = SBP − DBP and MAP = DBP + (1/3) PP ( 32 ).…”

“…ApoB/A is the ratio between the concentrations of apoB and apoA. The SII was calculated as platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte counts ( 4 , 5 , 9 , 17 , 21 ). The glycemic exposure (GE) index was calculated using the following equation: GE index = (HbA1c) 1/2 x (duration of DM in years) 1/8 ( 33 ).…”

“…Recently, growing evidence suggests that SII may be associated with metabolic disorder and its components, such as central obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and hypertension ( 15 – 19 ), all of which have been reported to be involved in the development and progression of DKD ( 20 ). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that elevated SII levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, and can efficiently predict the development, prognosis and clinical outcomes of various atherosclerotic macrovascular diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and diabetic foot infections ( 4 , 8 – 10 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 21 – 27 ), all of which were closely related to DKD ( 28 , 29 ). Given that chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD, and that atherosclerotic macro- and microvascular diseases share multiple common pathogenetic pathways and risk factors, it is reasonable to hypothesize that T2DM individuals with high SII would have a high risk for DKD.…”

Biomarkers of systemic inflammation are associated with disease severity and metabolic syndrome in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa

“…Several biomarkers for systemic inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet/neutrophil ratio (PNR), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) are associated with cardiometabolic disease. 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 However use of these biomarkers in HS is poorly investigated, with few studies suggesting their potential use alongside clinical examination for evaluating HS severity. 23 , 24 , 25 As HS severity evaluations suffer from interobserver variability, 26 additional tools are needed to support clinicians.…”

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Association with the Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease among 45,306 US Adults

“…There are plenty of risk factors for CHD, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, hypercoagulability, and inflammatory responses [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Among all risk factors, considerable attention has been paid to the roles of inflammatory responses in the development of CHD [ 6 , 7 ].…”