“…Significantly, all of these mutations were present in the majority of the tumour cells and 90% of them were detectable in all of the mitochondrial DNA present in cells, strongly suggesting that all mitochondrial DNA molecules in the mitochondrion contain the same mutation. Breast cancer also exhibit somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations (Parrella et al, 2001;Radpour et al, 2009), in addition to kidney (Meierhofer et al, 2006) (Nagy et al, 2003), stomach (Hung et al, 2010;Jeong et al, 2010), prostate (Moro et al, 2009) (Parr et al, 2006) liver (Vivekanandan et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010), bladder (Dasgupta et al, 2008, head and neck (Allegra et al, 2006;Dasgupta et al, 2010;Mithani et al, 2007) and lung (Dai et al, 2006;Jin et al, 2007;Suzuki et al, 2003). Furthermore increased mitochondrial DNA mutation frequencies were associated with hereditary paraganglioma (Muller et al, 2005;Taschner et al, 2001) and thyroid cancers (Abu-Amero et al, 2005;Rogounovitch et al, 2004).…”