Relationship between microstructure, hardness, impact toughness and wear performance of selected grinding media for mineral ore milling operations

Chenje, Tapiwa; Simbi, D.J.; Navara, E.

doi:10.1016/s0261-3069(03)00168-7

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In Cr iron system having chromium levels of about 28%, an improvement in impact toughness following heat treatment could be seen in a recent publication [22]. In the present case too, it is the heat treatment that has brought about improved impact behavior due to the spheroidization of carbides, which as emphasized earlier, is in line with the published works [21,22].…”

Section: Influence Of Mould Type On the Impact Energysupporting

confidence: 87%

“…1 and 2), the explanation offered on the basis of microstructure there is valid here also. In another investigation [21], the heat treatment in a medium chromium iron system showed an improvement in the impact property due to microstructural changes. In Cr iron system having chromium levels of about 28%, an improvement in impact toughness following heat treatment could be seen in a recent publication [22].…”

Section: Influence Of Mould Type On the Impact Energymentioning

confidence: 92%

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Processes-Induced Structural Transformations and the Impact Properties of Cr–Mn Iron Systems

Sampathkumaran

Ranganathaiah

Seetharamu

et al. 2008

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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High chromium irons are well known for their good wear resistance. Since they are brittle, they tend to fracture under impact. Hence, there is a need to improve the impact property with minimal reduction in wear characteristics. Towards this end, manganese, known for its tendency to retain austenite and containing 5 and 10% in chromium (∼16-19%) irons has been tried.Since the mechanical properties are microstructure sensitive, the castings are made in both metal and sand moulds followed by thermal treatment. The as-cast and heat-treated samples are examined microstructurally and then evaluated for hardness, and impact properties.While the hardness decreases with increase in manganese content from 5 to 10% irrespective of the sample condition (i.e., mould type/heat treatment adopted), the impact property shows two different trends. The 10% metal cooled manganese bearing sample exhibits higher values compared to the 5% ones. On the other hand, for the sand case, 5% manganese shows higher impact energy compared to the 10% ones. Thus, there is a reversal in the impact behavior for the same level of increase in manganese content for these two cases. These findings are correlated with the structural features noticed through microscopy.

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Section: Influence Of Mould Type On the Impact Energysupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Influence Of Mould Type On the Impact Energymentioning

confidence: 92%

Processes-Induced Structural Transformations and the Impact Properties of Cr–Mn Iron Systems

Sampathkumaran

Ranganathaiah

Seetharamu

et al. 2008

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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“…and materials treatment is grinding. Ball mills are mainly used for that purpose [1]. Grinding by collision is more effective for size reduction of brittle materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzzy Statistical Process Control of a Calcite Grinding Plant Using Total Color Difference Parameter (ΔE)

Uçurum¹

2017

IOSR JEN

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: -Statistical process control (SPC) is one of the important approaches used in quality management.SPC can be applied in plants to obtain good quality and high standard products that have become very popular in many industries. Fuzzy process capability analysis by using X-R control charts gives more realistic results, developed with fuzzy theory. Fuzzy control charts are more sensitive than SPC. Therefore, fuzzy control charts lead to producing better-quality products. In this study, total color difference parameter (ΔE) was studied using fuzzy observation on a calcite grinding plant products. For this purpose, color parameters of the grinding plant products were evaluated using triangular fuzzy number (TFN) and fuzzy process capability indices (PCIs). The results show that the mill plant seems to be under control. Therefore, on a randomly selected sample used in the fuzzy statistical process control work was chosen and other color parameters such as whiteness index (WI), saturation index (SI), hue angle (H), browning index (BI) and yellowness index (YI) and particle size properties, XRF, XRD, FTIR, TGA-DTA and SEM were then determined on the calcite sample.

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“…En general, la operación de molienda de materiales duros, produce un importante desgaste mecánico en los molinos, por efecto del rozamiento y abrasión del material tratado, lo que supone unos costes de mantenimiento que en ocasiones pueden ser considerables. La minimización de estos costes es objeto de varios estudios que abarcan muchos aspectos del proceso (Babich et al, 1996;Chenje et al, 2003;Chenje et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Molienda asistida con microondas de un coque metalúrgico

Ruisánchez¹,

Juárez-Pérez²,

Arenillas³

et al. 2014

REVMETAL

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RESUMEN:Los coques metalúrgicos están compuestos mayoritariamente de carbono grafítico (s2p2) y diferentes compuestos inorgánicos con distintas capacidades de absorber la radiación de microondas. Cuando se irradian con microondas fragmentos de estos coques, algunas partes de las partículas experimentan un rápido calentamiento, mientras otras no. Además, debido a que el coque presenta una cierta conductividad eléctrica, al ser irradiados con microondas se producen de forma puntual arcos eléctricos o microplasmas, dando lugar a puntos muy calientes. Como consecuencia de las diferentes dilataciones y tensiones producidas por el choque térmico, se producen en las partículas pequeñas grietas y microfisuras. Esto produce una mayor fragilidad en las partículas de coque y un incremento en la molturabilidad de las mismas. En el presente artículo se estudia la molienda de coque asistida con microondas y se evalúan las mejoras en la molturabilidad y el ahorro de energía producido. ABSTRACT:Microwave-assisted grinding of metallurgical coke. Metallurgical cokes are composed of graphitic carbon (s2p2) and different inorganic compounds with very different capacities to absorb microwave radiation. Moreover, due to the electric conductivity shown by the metallurgical cokes, microwave radiation produces electric arcs or microplasmas, which gives rise to hot spots. Therefore, when these cokes are irradiated with microwaves some parts of the particle experiment a rapid heating, while some others do not heat at all. As a result of the different expansion and stress caused by thermal the shock, small cracks and micro-fissures are produced in the particle. The weakening of the coke particles, and therefore an improvement of its grindability, is produced. This paper studies the microwave-assisted grinding of metallurgical coke and evaluates the grinding improvement and energy saving.

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Relationship between microstructure, hardness, impact toughness and wear performance of selected grinding media for mineral ore milling operations

Cited by 60 publications

References 5 publications

Processes-Induced Structural Transformations and the Impact Properties of Cr–Mn Iron Systems

Processes-Induced Structural Transformations and the Impact Properties of Cr–Mn Iron Systems

Fuzzy Statistical Process Control of a Calcite Grinding Plant Using Total Color Difference Parameter (ΔE)

Molienda asistida con microondas de un coque metalúrgico

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