Relationship between metabolic acidosis and calcium phosphate urinary stone formation in women

Kohri, Kenjiro; Kodama, Masaya; Ishikawa, Yasuaki; Katayama, Yoshikazu; Katoh, Yoshinari; Kataoka, Kiyonori; Iguchi, Masanori; Kurita, Takashi

doi:10.1007/bf02549600

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There is a gender difference in the age distribution of urolithiasis incidence and the male to female ratio of patients with urolithiasis in Japan has been about 2.4:1 since 1960, with this ratio remaining constant in recent years. By age group, there is no sex difference in childhood or climacterium, 7 while the male to female ratio in the reproductive stage is about 3:1, showing that the incidence of the disease is distinctly lower in women 8 . This suggests that female sex hormones are strongly involved in inhibiting urinary stone formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of bone mineral density in urolithiasis patients

et al. 2005

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Background : The association between hypercalciuria and bone mineral density (BMD) has been already recognized. The aim of the present study is to relate BMD to age and sex and to evaluate the calcium metabolism and hypercalciuria-defined dietary or non-dietary category in patients with urolithiasis.Methods : The BMI of the L2-L4 lumbar vertebrae was measured in 310 renal stone patients (191 men and 119 women). Percent age matched score (%AMS), which is the percent ratio of measured BMD to the mean BMD of age-matched control subjects, was utilized for the appraisal of BMD. Low BMD groups were defined by lower than 90% of %AMS. Results : Low BMD was observed in 27.7% of urinary stone patients, which was not a significant difference to that of control subjects (23.5%) who were measured in the health examination. In male patients with urolithiasis, the frequency of patients in whom BMD had been apt to decrease since youth was high, but there was not a proven significant difference among the three age groups (20-39 years old, 40-59 years old and 60 years old or older). In contrast, for female stone patients, the frequency of low BMD markedly increased in patients aged 40 years or older, when menopause occurs. Furthermore, in female stone patients with hypercalciuria, the frequency of reduced BMD reached more than 40%. When the cause was non-dietary hypercalciuria (classified mainly on the daily amount of urinary calcium excretion after ingestion of calculus test diet), the frequency of reduced BMD reached 65% ( P < 0.01).Conclusions : In case female stone patients with non-dietary hypercalciuria become menopausal, not only the risk of recurrent lithiasis increases, but the possibility of developing osteopenia in the future also increases. Appropriate treatments for prophylactic effects on urolithiasis or osteopenia should be considered, as judged from BMD, diet, sex, urinary calcium excretion and other factors synthetically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of bone mineral density in urolithiasis patients

et al. 2005

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“…When considering children or postmenopausal females, the frequency of kidney stone disease in the two sexes was not different (158). On the contrary a different ratio (about 3:1) was evident considering premenopausal females (159). Furthermore, a change in stone composition was described in pre and postmenopausal females; in fact postmenopausal females mainly form CaOx stones (158,160).…”

Section: Urinary Citrate Excretion and Kidney Stonesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Citrate and mineral metabolism kidney stones and bone disease

Caudarella

Vescini²,

Buffa³

et al. 2003

Front Biosci

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Citrate is a weak acid that is formed in the tricarboxylic acid cycle or that may be introduced with diet. In the present paper all the mechanisms involved in intestinal absorption, renal handling and modulation of citrate will be reviewed. The evaluation of plasma citric acid is scarcely used in the diagnosis of human diseases. On the contrary urinary citrate excretion is a common tool in the differential diagnosis of kidney stones, renal tubular acidosis and it plays also a role in bone diseases. Therefore the importance of hypocitraturia will be reviewed with regard to bone mass, urine crystallization and urolithiasis. Finally particular attention will be paid to the incidence of hypocitraturia and to the therapy with citrate salts, both in kidney stone disease and in osteopenia.

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“…This sexual disparity seems to be influenced by age. Interestingly, stone formation in the prepubescent population is similar between males and females (20). The greatest difference in idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formation is seen in the third and fourth decade of life (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%