Relationship between magnification and resolution in digital pathology systems

Sellaro, Tiffany L; Filkins, Robert J.; Hoffman, Chelsea; Fine, Jeffrey L.; Ho, Jeongwon; Parwani, Anil V.; Pantanowitz, Liron; Montalto, Michael

doi:10.4103/2153-3539.116866

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…One of the factors influencing digital slides is the objective lens magnification used by the scanner. [ 29 ] Commercially available slide scanning systems scan conventional glass slides at a high magnification (×20 or ×40) and at multiple focal planes in depth. However, image resolution and scanning (digitization) magnification can vary greatly between digital pathology systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing whole slide digital images versus traditional glass slides in the detection of common microscopic features seen in dermatitis

Vyas

Markow²,

Prieto-Granada

et al. 2016

Journal of Pathology Informatics

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Background:The quality and limitations of digital slides are not fully known. We aimed to estimate intrapathologist discrepancy in detecting specific microscopic features on glass slides and digital slides created by scanning at ×20.Methods:Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff glass slides were digitized using the Mirax Scan (Carl Zeiss Inc., Germany). Six pathologists assessed 50–71 digital slides. We recorded objective magnification, total time, and detection of the following: Mast cells; eosinophils; plasma cells; pigmented macrophages; melanin in the epidermis; fungal bodies; neutrophils; civatte bodies; parakeratosis; and sebocytes. This process was repeated using the corresponding glass slides after 3 weeks. The diagnosis was not required.Results:The mean time to assess digital slides was 176.77 s and 137.61 s for glass slides (P < 0.001, 99% confidence interval [CI]). The mean objective magnification used to detect features using digital slides was 18.28 and 14.07 for glass slides (P < 0.001, 99.99% CI). Parakeratosis, civatte bodies, pigmented macrophages, melanin in the epidermis, mast cells, eosinophils, plasma cells, and neutrophils, were identified at lower objectives on glass slides (P = 0.023–0.001, 95% CI). Average intraobserver concordance ranged from κ = 0.30 to κ = 0.78. Features with poor to fair average concordance were: Melanin in the epidermis (κ = 0.15–0.58); plasma cells (κ = 0.15–0.49); and neutrophils (κ = 0.12–0.48). Features with moderate average intrapathologist concordance were: parakeratosis (κ = 0.21–0.61); civatte bodies (κ = 0.21–0.71); pigment-laden macrophages (κ = 0.34–0.66); mast cells (κ = 0.29–0.78); and eosinophils (κ = 0.31–0.79). The average intrapathologist concordance was good for sebocytes (κ = 0.51–1.00) and fungal bodies (κ = 0.47–0.76).Conclusions:Telepathology using digital slides scanned at ×20 is sufficient for detection of histopathologic features routinely encountered in dermatitis cases, though less efficient than glass slides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing whole slide digital images versus traditional glass slides in the detection of common microscopic features seen in dermatitis

Vyas

Markow²,

Prieto-Granada

et al. 2016

Journal of Pathology Informatics

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“…A high value of this score results "after" are given for two pathologists as "average (standard deviation)". Magnification is a complex concept [18], so we use the following convention: 1X = 10 µm/px, 2X = 5 µm/px, etc. The highest possible magnification is 40X because the real images from which we extracted our textures were scanned at 40X; the score for a real image should match the scanner's settings (not tested).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesizing whole slide images

Apou

Feuerhake

Forestier

et al. 2015

2015 9th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA)

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The increasing availability of digital whole slide images opens new perspectives for computer-assisted image analysis complementing modern histopathology, assuming we can implement reliable and efficient image analysis algorithms to extract the biologically relevant information. Both validation and supervised learning techniques typically rely on ground truths manually made by human experts. However, this task is difficult, subjective and usually not exhaustive. This is a well-known issue in the field of biomedical imaging, and a common solution is the use of artificial "phantoms". Following this trend, we study the feasibility of synthesizing artificial histological images to create perfect ground truths. In this paper, we show that it is possible to generate a synthetic whole slide image with reasonable computing resources, and we propose a way to evaluate its quality.

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“…The past decade a revolution in clinical pathology has been initiated through the development of fast digital scanner-software combinations which enable complete digitization of stained pathology and cytology slides, allowing the pathologist to zoom in on a tissue slide on his/her computer screen instead of under a conventional microscope [50,51,52,53]. Sophisticated algorithms to quantitatively interpret staining results will enable more objective pathology and cytology-based diagnostics.…”

Section: Developments In the Pathology/cytology Space: Towards Digmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Tumor Cells: What Is in It for the Patient? A Vision towards the Future

Stolpe

Toonder

2014

Cancers

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Knowledge on cellular signal transduction pathways as drivers of cancer growth and metastasis has fuelled development of “targeted therapy” which “targets” aberrant oncogenic signal transduction pathways. These drugs require nearly invariably companion diagnostic tests to identify the tumor-driving pathway and the cause of the abnormal pathway activity in a tumor sample, both for therapy response prediction as well as for monitoring of therapy response and emerging secondary drug resistance. Obtaining sufficient tumor material for this analysis in the metastatic setting is a challenge, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an attractive alternative to biopsy on the premise that they can be captured from blood and the companion diagnostic test results are correctly interpreted. We discuss novel companion diagnostic directions, including the challenges, to identify the tumor driving pathway in CTCs, which in combination with a digital pathology platform and algorithms to quantitatively interpret complex CTC diagnostic results may enable optimized therapy response prediction and monitoring. In contrast to CTC-based companion diagnostics, CTC enumeration is envisioned to be largely replaced by cell free tumor DNA measurements in blood for therapy response and recurrence monitoring. The recent emergence of novel in vitro human model systems in the form of cancer-on-a-chip may enable elucidation of some of the so far elusive characteristics of CTCs, and is expected to contribute to more efficient CTC capture and CTC-based diagnostics.

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Relationship between magnification and resolution in digital pathology systems

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

Comparing whole slide digital images versus traditional glass slides in the detection of common microscopic features seen in dermatitis

Comparing whole slide digital images versus traditional glass slides in the detection of common microscopic features seen in dermatitis

Synthesizing whole slide images

Circulating Tumor Cells: What Is in It for the Patient? A Vision towards the Future

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