Relationship between machine-derived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany

Scherer, Gerhard; Engl, Johannes; Urban, Michael; Gilch, Gerhard; Janket, Dinamis; Riedel, Kirsten

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.09.001

Cited by 157 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Recently, the studies related to smokers show that acrylamide occurs while the tobacco is burnt at a very high temperature and acrylamide is taken into the body together with the smoke. The scientists have interpreted this fi nding in such a manner that acrylamide may play an active role in lung cancer frequently developing in smokers (22,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

Altınöz¹,

Türköz²,

Vardı³

2015

BLL

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues in rats. The rats were divided into four groups. Acrylamide administration increased MDA levels in all tissues significantly (p < 0.05). But acrylamide+NAC administration decreased MDA levels signifi cantly as compared to the acrylamide group, and lowered it to a level close to the control group values (p < 0.05). GSH levels in liver and small intestine tissues reduced signifi cantly in the acrylamide group (p < 0.05). But acrylamide+NAC administration increased GSH levels signifi cantly in all tissues. Whereas GST activity decreased signifi cantly in the acrylamide group in liver and small intestine tissues as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), the GST activity increased signifi cantly in the acrylamide+NAC group in all tissues as compared to the acrylamide group (p < 0.05). Liver histopathology showed that the liver epithelial cells were damaged signifi cantly in the acrylamide group. Small intestine histopathology showed that the intestinal villous epithelial cells were damaged signifi cantly in the acrylamide group. Our results indicate that a high level of acrylamide causes oxidative damage in liver and small and large intestine tissues, while N-acetylcysteine administration in a pharmacological dose shows to have an antioxidant effect in preventing this damage (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 66). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

Altınöz¹,

Türköz²,

Vardı³

2015

BLL

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“…The most effective method is the measurement of biomarkers, which has the advantage of estimating independently the subjects' smoking behaviour, i.e., number of cigarettes smoked, puffing pattern, mouth spill and inhalation pattern (1)(2)(3)(4). However, biomarker assessment is invasive, necessitates sophisticated equipment and often includes complex sample preparation steps prior to analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Nicotine Exposure From Active Human Cigarette Smoking Time

Cahours¹,

Julien²,

Verron³

et al. 2017

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYThe burning of a cigarette is a series of consecutive sequences of both passive and active burnings when a smoking cycle is applied to the cigarette. A previous study, using a smoking machine, showed that cigarette nicotine yields are dependent linearly on the difference between the time of smouldering (passive burning) and the time of smoking (active burning). It is predicted that the smoker's nicotine yield increases when the intensity of smoking increases, i.e., when the time to smoke a cigarette (smoking time) decreases. Note that observations made on machines might not be comparable to human behaviours. The aim of this study was to determine whether nicotine mouth-level exposure could be predicted through measurement of human smoking time. A smoking behaviour study was conducted to compare human smoking nicotine yields obtained from both filter tip analysis and the cigarette burning time model. Results showed that smokers' exposure to the smoke depends essentially on the speed at which the cigarette is smoked. An increase in human smoking intensity, resulting in a decrease in smoking time, generates an increase in smoke exposure, whatever the puff number, puff duration, puff volume and filter ventilation (open or blocked). The association of a machine smoking yield with a corresponding smoking time, and the time taken by a consumer to smoke the cigarette would provide information on the exposure to smoke constituents in a simple and effective manner. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2017)

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“…On the other hand, there has been widespread use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reverse phase columns and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) or mass spectrometry (MS) detection [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. One way to separate anions by chromatography is to use cation exchange columns where the ions are separated by ion exclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for the Determination of Benzene Metabolite t,t-Muconic Acid in Urine by HPLC-UV with an Ion Exclusion Column

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The benzene metabolite trans,trans-muconic acid (tt-MA) is widely used as a biological indicator of exposure to this xenobiotic. An analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of urinary tt-MA using solid phase extraction onto a Strata SAX cartridge. The analysis was performed by HPLC with an Aminex HPX-87H ion exclusion column and a UV diode array detector. The sample preparation conditions were optimized using a 2 4´1 factorial design.Comparison of the slopes of standard analytical curves prepared in aqueous solution and urine showed that the biological matrix suppressed the tt-MA signal by around 50%, so the analytical curves were prepared with tt-MA standard at low concentrations in pooled urine. The analytical curves in the range of 5-500 µg¨L´1 showed determination coefficients values (R 2 ) > 0.99 for tt-MA standard in water and R 2 > 0.98 for tt-MA standards in pooled urine. The coefficients of variation obtained using seven replicates were lower than 3.6%, and recoveries of tt-MA from solutions containing 5, 25, 50 and 100 µg¨L´1 of the analyte were in the range 85%-90%, demonstrating the satisfactory precision and accuracy of the method. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.11 and 0.36 µg¨L´1, respectively. The benefits of this new method developed is the possibility of complete chromatographic peak separation for the determination of tt-MA at baseline, without matrix components' interference as normally found in the C18 column. This is the first time that this chromatographic column has been used for the analysis of tt-MA in urine.

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Relationship between machine-derived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany

Cited by 157 publications

References 68 publications

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against acrylamide toxicity in liver and small and large intestine tissues

Assessment of Nicotine Exposure From Active Human Cigarette Smoking Time

Method for the Determination of Benzene Metabolite t,t-Muconic Acid in Urine by HPLC-UV with an Ion Exclusion Column

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