Relationship between Level of Spinal Cord Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms<sup>a</sup>

Binks, T. Martin; Radnitz, Cynthia L.; Moran, Alberto I.; Vinciguerra, Vincent

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48297.x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is the first study to show that veterans with SCI who receive healthcare at a VA healthcare facility are at increased risk for psychological stress compared with nonveterans with SCI and with the general population. Although several studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans with SCI have been conducted [66][67][68][69][70], we are aware of no studies that have examined global perceived stress and daily hassles experienced by veterans with SCI. We also found that a high percentage of the sample appeared to be experiencing significant depressive symptoms, with nearly half exceeding the established cutoff of 16 on the CES-D Scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective stress in male veterans with spinal cord injury

Rintala

Robinson‐Whelen²,

Matamoros³

2005

JRRD

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective stress in male veterans with spinal cord injury

Rintala

Robinson‐Whelen²,

Matamoros³

2005

JRRD

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“…Each item is rated from 0 to 3 due to its intensity with a maximum score of 63. While the BDI on its own is not considered to diagnose a depressive disorder, it is conceived as a screening tool of depressive symptoms [6]. The BDI could be insensitive to distinguish between somatic symptoms of depression and physical consequences of the SCI, e.g.…”

Section: Assessment Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low depressive symptoms in acute spinal cord injury compared to other neurological disorders

et al. 2011

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The aim of the study was to reveal the incidence and time course of depressive symptoms following acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in relation to clinical outcomes for comparison to other neurological disorders with severe impairment. In patients with acute traumatic SCI (n = 130), combined follow up assessments of neurological and functional outcomes, pain and patient-rated affective factors (e.g. mood, anxiety) were prospectively (1, 3, 6, 12 months after injury) collected during rehabilitation and follow up in out-patient clinics. We related these to the severity of depressive symptoms (no, mild, moderate and severe) based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. The mean 65% of patients showed no depressive symptoms and 30% mild depressive symptoms, while less than 5% presented moderate to severe depressive symptoms. The group findings and symptoms in individual patients remained stable over 1 year though patients revealed significant clinical recovery. Although two-thirds of the patients experienced pain, BDI scores were not related to pain intensity. BDI mean scores were only slightly higher than in control populations, but rather low compared to patients with other neurological disorders (e.g. stroke and multiple sclerosis) that are also associated with severe functional impairment. The prevalence of depressive symptoms following acute SCI is rather low and remains stable within the first year after injury despite the severe neurological impairment and loss of independency. In comparison to other neurological disorders that also involve brain function SCI patients seem to be less challenged by depressive symptoms that constitute additional burdens to respond to the severe functional impairments.

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“…Examination of possible predictive factors for PTSD revealed that veterans with paraplegia experienced more severe post traumatic symptoms than did those with tetraplegia. Binks et al 11 found that the prevalence of current PTSD in veterans with paraplegia was comparable to that of veterans who had sustained a traumatic injury other than SCI (22% and 21% respectively), but much greater than that for veterans with tetraplegia (2%). It is unclear whether the ®ndings of Radnitz and her colleagues 10,11 generalise to non-American, non-veteran spinal cord injured populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of post traumatic distress in the first 6 months following SCI

Kennedy

Evans

2001

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Cross-sectional questionnaire. Objectives: To assess the degree of post traumatic stress symptomatology and its correlates amongst a group of new spinal cord injured patients. Setting: The National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital NHS Trust. Method: Eighty-®ve participants with an average age of 32.6 years were assessed between 6 and 24 weeks post injury. Seventeen participants were female. Seventy per cent had complete lesions. Forty per cent had paraplegia and 60% had tetraplegia. Road tra c accidents were the most common cause of injury followed by falls and then sporting accidents. The Impact of Event Scale was used to measure the experience of intrusive thoughts about the trauma and avoidance of trauma related stimuli. Anxiety (SAI), depression (BDI) and dependency (FIM) were also measured. Results: High levels of distress were evident in 14% of the sample. Trauma-related distress was signi®cantly higher in female patients or patients with high levels of anxiety or depression. Conclusion: In this sample, the rates of trauma-related distress following spinal cord injury were comparable to those found following other traumas and are of clinical signi®cance. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 381 ± 386

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Relationship between Level of Spinal Cord Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms^a

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Subjective stress in male veterans with spinal cord injury

Subjective stress in male veterans with spinal cord injury

Low depressive symptoms in acute spinal cord injury compared to other neurological disorders

Evaluation of post traumatic distress in the first 6 months following SCI

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Relationship between Level of Spinal Cord Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomsa

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Subjective stress in male veterans with spinal cord injury

Subjective stress in male veterans with spinal cord injury

Low depressive symptoms in acute spinal cord injury compared to other neurological disorders

Evaluation of post traumatic distress in the first 6 months following SCI

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Relationship between Level of Spinal Cord Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms^a