Relationship between Leaf Structure and Gas Exchange in Wheat Leaves at Different Insertion Levels

Araus, José Luís; Alegre, Leonor; Tapia, Luis; Calafell, R.

doi:10.1093/jxb/37.9.1323

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These observations are in accordance with stomatal studies of polyploid plants in other species (Liu et al 2007;Aryavand et al 2003;Gu et al 2005;Stanys et al 2006;Shiga et al 2009;Mishra 1997). Many studies reported a positive correlation between stomatal density and maximum stomatal conductance (Araus et al 1986;Kundu and Tigerstedt 1998;Hetherington and Woodward 2003;Galmes et al 2007;Miller-Rushing et al 2009). Hence changes in stomatal characteristics could influence gas exchanges and plant-water relations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Influence of ploidy level on morphology, growth and drought susceptibility in Spathiphyllum wallisii

Laere¹,

et al. 2010

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In this study, we analysed morphological, anatomical and physiological effects of polyploidisation in Spathiphyllum wallisii in order to evaluate possible interesting advantages of polyploids for ornamental breeding. Stomatal density was negatively correlated with increased ploidy level. Stomatal size increased in polyploids. Tetraploid Spathiphyllum plants had more ovate and thicker leaves. The inflorescence of tetraploids had a more ovate and thicker spathum, a more cylindrical spadix and a thicker but shorter flower stalk. Biomass production of the tetraploids was reduced, as expressed by lower total dry weights, and tetraploids produced fewer shoots and leaves compared with their diploid progenitors. Furthermore, tetraploid Spathiphyllum plants were more resistant to drought stress compared with diploid plants. After 15 days of drought stress, diploids showed symptoms of wilting, while the tetraploids showed almost no symptoms. Further, measurements of stomatal resistance, leaf water potential, relative water content and proline content indicated that the tetraploid genotypes were more resistant to drought stress compared with the diploids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Influence of ploidy level on morphology, growth and drought susceptibility in Spathiphyllum wallisii

Laere¹,

et al. 2010

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“…Vertical heterogeneity in sclerophyllous characteristics of wheat leaves (such as lower intercellular spaces, smaller and packed cells, thicker cellular walls and higher proportion of sclerenchymatous tissue) has been reported (Araus et al 1986). In this sense, the vertical gradient of water content in several organs of Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Ear of durum wheat under water stress: water relations and photosynthetic metabolism

Tambussi

Nogués

Araus

2005

Planta

191

159

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The photosynthetic characteristics of the ear and flag leaf of well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) were studied in plants grown under greenhouse and Mediterranean field conditions. Gas exchange measurements simultaneously with modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were used to study the response of the ear and flag leaf to CO2 and O2 during photosynthesis. C4 metabolism was identified by assessing the sensitivity of photosynthetic rate and electron transport to oxygen. The presence of CAM metabolism was assessed by measuring daily patterns of stomatal conductance and net CO2 assimilation. In addition, the histological distribution of Rubisco protein in the ear parts was studied by immunocytochemical localisation. Relative water content (RWC) and osmotic adjustment (osmotic potential at full turgor) were also measured in these organs. Oxygen sensitivity of the assimilation rate and electron transport, the lack of Rubisco compartmentalisation in the mesophyll tissues and the gas-exchange pattern at night indicated that neither C4 nor CAM metabolism occurs in the ear of WW or WS plants. Nevertheless, photosynthetic activity of the flag leaf was more affected by WS conditions than that of the ear, under both growing conditions. The lower sensitivity under water stress of the ear than of the flag leaf was linked to higher RWC and osmotic adjustment in the ear bracts and awns. We demonstrate that the better performance of the ear under water stress (compared to the flag leaf) is not related to C4 or CAM photosynthesis. Rather, drought tolerance of the ear is explained by its higher RWC in drought. Osmotic adjustment and xeromorphic traits of ear parts may be responsible.

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“…Leaflets cultured at high PPFD ( Fig. 2E-F) during shoot multiplication showed a xeromorphic structure, which may be due to the combined effect of high light intensity and temperature (see Araus et al, 1986a). For a given sucrose level leaflet thickness and cell density were markedly higher, and the cross section of mesophyll cells was smaller in high PPFD leaflets than in intermediate and low PPFD leaflets.…”

Section: Growth Conditions Chlmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development of photoautotrophy and photoinhibition of Gardenia jasminoides plantlets during micropropagation

Serret

Trillas

Matas

et al. 1996

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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This paper reports on the fast fluorescence responses of Gardeniajasminoides Ellis plantlets, at two successive stages (shoot multiplication and root induction) of culture in vitro. We test whether plantlets in vitro suffer photoinhibition during culture and whether the degree of photoautotrophy of these mixotrophic plantlets has any effect on the extent of photoinhibitory impairment. In this regard the effects of different sucrose levels in the medium and PPFD during growth on the development of photoautotrophy and the extent of photoinhibition were evaluated. Plantlets were grown under low, intermediate, and high (50, 100, and 300 #mol m -2 s -1) PPFD, and at 3 different sucrose concentrations (0.5, 1.5, and 3.0%, w/v) in the medium, during shoot multiplication. During root induction the same growth conditions were assayed except for the high PPFD. The development of photoautotrophy was assessed via the difference between the stable carbon isotope composition of sucrose used as heterotrophic carbon source and that of leaflets grown in vitro. Plantlets from root induction showed more developed photoautotrophy than those from shoot multiplication. For both stages the low-sucrose medium stimulated the photoautotrophy of plantlets in vitro. In addition, intermediate PPFD induced photoautotrophy during shoot multiplication. For plantlets of both culture stages at the lowest PPFD no photoinhibition occurred irrespective of the sucrose concentration in media. However, during the shoot multiplication stage chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed a decrease in F J F m and in tl/2 as growing PPFD increased, indicating photoinhibitory damage. The decline of Fv/Fm was caused mostly by an increase in Fo, indicating the inactivation of PSII reaction centers. However plantlets growing under low sucrose showed reduced susceptibility to photoinhibition. During root induction, only plantlets cultured with high sucrose showed a decrease in F~/F,,~ as PPFD increased, although tj/2 remained unchanged. In this case, the decline of FolFm was mostly due to a decrease in Fro, which indicates increased photoprotection rather than occurrence of photodamage. Therefore, growth in low-sucrose media had a protective effect on the resistance of PSII to light stress. In addition, plantlets were more resistant to photoinhibition during root induction than during shoot multiplication. Results suggest that increased photoautotrophy of plantlets reduces susceptibility to photoinhibition during gardenia culture in vitro.Abbreviations: AP -apparent photosynthesis; Chl -total chlorophyll content; Chl a/b -chlorophyll a-to-b ratio; Chl/Car -total chlorophyll-to-carotenoids ratio; 613C -ratio of 13C/12C relative to PeeDee belemnite standard; F m -maximum chlorophyll fluorescence; Fo -fluorescence emission when all reaction centres are open and the photochemical quenching is minimal; Fo -variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fro -Fo); FvlFm -the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence, indicator photochemical efficiency of PSII; MS mediu...

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Relationship between Leaf Structure and Gas Exchange in Wheat Leaves at Different Insertion Levels

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of ploidy level on morphology, growth and drought susceptibility in Spathiphyllum wallisii

Influence of ploidy level on morphology, growth and drought susceptibility in Spathiphyllum wallisii

Ear of durum wheat under water stress: water relations and photosynthetic metabolism

Development of photoautotrophy and photoinhibition of Gardenia jasminoides plantlets during micropropagation

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