Relationship between late‐life depression and life stressors: Large‐scale cross‐sectional study of a representative sample of the Japanese general population

Kaji, Tatsuhiko; Mishima, Kazuo; Kitamura, Shingo; Enomoto, Minori; Nagase, Yukihiro; Li, Lan; Kaneita, Yoshitaka; Ohida, Takashi; Nishikawa, Toru; Uchiyama, Makoto

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02097.x

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Clark et al, 2012;Finlay-Jones & Eckhardt, 1984;Hintikka et al, 2008;Jenkins et al, 2008;Meltzer et al, 2013;Patel et al, 1998. 2 Besler & Stallones, 2008Bridges & Disney, 2010;Kaji et al, 2010;Stuhldreher et al, 20073 Chan et al, 2009Chen et al, 2006;Wong et al, 2008;Wong et al, 2010. 4 Chan et al, 2009Chen et al, 2006;Hintikka et al, 2008;Wong et al, 2008;Wong et al, 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of mental health, many studies have shown a relationship with common mental disorders (Clark et al, 2012;Cooper et al, 2008;Meltzer et al, 2013;Patel et al, 1998;Pothen et al, 2003), and global mental health as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1991Brown et al, 2005Finlay-Jones & Eckhardt, 1984;Gathergood, 2012;Hatcher, 1994;Hintikka et al, 1998;Roberts et al, 1999;2000). The relationship with depression has been studied most frequently and relationships appear to be strong and robust when assessed using standardised measures and controlling for possible confounds (Besler & Stallones, 2008;Kaji et al, 2010; DEBT AND HEALTH Meltzer et al, 2010;2013;Pothen et al, 2003;Stuhldreher et al, 2007).. There is also limited evidence for a relationship with problems such as anxiety (Drentea, 2000;Drentea & Reynolds, 2012;Meltzer et al, 2013) and psychosis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Debt was found to increase the risk of depression as measured by the CES-D after controlling for confounds (Drentea & Reynolds, 2012;Kaji, et al, 2010;Lee & Brown, 2007). However Drentea and Reynolds (2012) found this relationship was moderated by stress about debt.…”

Section: Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Richardson

Elliott

Roberts

2013

Clinical Psychology Review

343

278

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This paper systematically reviews the relationship between personal unsecured debt and health. Psychinfo, Embase and Medline were searched and 52 papers were accepted. A hand and citedby search produced an additional 13 references leading to 65 papers in total. Panel surveys, nationally representative epidemiological surveys and psychological autopsy studies have examined the relationship, as have studies on specific populations such as university students, debt management clients and older adults. Most studies examined relationships with mental health and depression in particular. Studies of physical health have also shown a relationship with self-rated health and outcomes such as obesity. There is also a strong relationship with suicide completion, and relationships with drug and alcohol abuse. The majority of studies found that more severe debt is related to worse health; however causality is hard to establish. A meta-analysis of pooled odds ratios showed a significant relationship between debt and mental disorder (OR=3.24), depression (OR=2.77), suicide completion (OR=7.9), suicide completion or attempt (OR=5.76), problem drinking (OR=2.68), drug dependence (OR=8.57), neurotic disorder (OR=3.21) and psychotic disorders (OR=4.03). There was no significant relationship with smoking (OR=1.35, p>.05). Future longitudinal research is needed to determine causality and establish potential mechanisms and mediators of the relationship.Dr Bellack, Please find attached a response to the reviewer's comments and an amended manuscript. We hope that these changes address the concerns raised, and the paper can now be accepted for -This relationship is especially strong for mental health in particular depression.-There are also relationships with substance use and suicide.-Research suffers from inconsistent use of standardised measures.-A lack of longitudinal studies makes it difficult to demonstrate causality. *Highlights (for review)We would like to thank the reviewer for their detailed comments. In relation to these we have made the following changes, which have all been marked in the main manuscript via track changes:-We have now clarified in the title, abstract, introduction, discussion and highlights that this examines personal unsecured debt specifically.-In the Method, Search Procedure we have changed "Classes" into "Classed" -In Appendix B (Characteristics of Panel Surveys) we have added "years" to 4-6. The formatting of the tables meant that some words were cut off: this has now been corrected for all the tables.-Page 17, fifth line of first paragraph, "self-related" has been changed to "self-rated." -Page 19, second paragraph, a new paragraph has been started after the line beginning "The advantage." -Page 20, first line of second paragraph, "somewhat unclear" has been changed to "unclear".-Page 21, second paragraph, the first line has been amended to specify about "personal, unsecured debt".-Page 5: more detail has been added to justify why studies on secured loans and mortgage debt were excluded.-Resul...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Richardson

Elliott

Roberts

2013

Clinical Psychology Review

343

278

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“…Two studies did not find significant association (Hunt and Penland, 1999;Baune et al, 2006), and two other studies concluded that depression is associated with decreased levels of serum ferritin concentrations (Vahdat Shariatpanaahi et al, 2007;Baune et al, 2010). To date, no study has been conducted in Japan where the prevalence of depressive symptoms in general population is relatively high (Kaji et al, 2010). To address the gap in the literature, we conducted this study to examine the association between serum ferritin and depressive symptoms among Japanese municipal employees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Nanri

Poudel‐Tandukar

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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a b s t r a c tKeywords: Depressive symptoms, Serum ferritin, Body iron store, General population, JapaneseIt remains unclear whether levels of body iron store are related to milder forms of depression, which are more common among apparently healthy people. We examined the association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms among 312 men and 216 women working in two municipal offices in Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. In men, increased prevalence of depressive symptoms (defined by using a cutoff value of ≥ 19) was significantly associated with decreased levels of serum ferritin. In age-and study-site-adjusted models, ORs (95% CIs) for depressive symptoms for men in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.83 (1.01-7.94), 1.74 (0.87-3.49), 1.33 (0.71-2.47), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.02). In multivariate-adjusted model, ORs (95% CIs) in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.88 (0.93-8.91), 1.91 (0.90-4.05), 1.28 (0.66-2.49), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.03). No significant association was detected in women. Our finding that men with lower levels of serum ferritin concentrations had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms suggests that adverse psychological effects may be implicated in iron deficiency among middle-age Japanese workers.

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“…Several studies have investigated the types of adversity experienced in older adult life, which include personal illness, loneliness, bereavement (Hardy, Concato, & Gill, 2002;Prince, Harwood, Blizard, Thomas, & Mann, 1997), diminished social relationships, (Kaji, Mishima, Kitamura et al, 2010), forced change of residence, major negative revelations, marital difficulties (Murphy, 1982), divorce of children (Grimby & Svanborg, 1996) and loss of mobility and leisure activities (Hermans & Evenhuis, 2012). Research also suggests that expected events -transitions around the age of retirement, are associated with mental health decline (Carmichael, Hulme, & Porcellato, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life adversity in depressed and non-depressed older adults: A cross-sectional comparison of the brief LTE-Q questionnaire and life events and difficulties interview as part of the CASPER study

Donoghue

Traviss‐Turner

House

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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250wBackground: There is a paucity of research on the nature of life adversity in depressed and nondepressed older adults. Early life events work used in-depth interviews; however, larger epidemiological trials investigate life adversity using brief questionnaires. This study investigates the type of life adversity experienced in later life and its association with depression and compares adversity captured using a brief (LTE-Q) and in-depth (LEDS) measure.Methods: 960 participants over 65 years were recruited in UK primary care to complete the PHQ-9 and LTE-Q.A sub-sample (n=19) completed the LEDS and a question exploring the subjective experience of the LTE-Q and LEDS.Results: Important life adversity was reported on the LTE-Q in 48% of the sample. In the LTE-Q sample the prevalence of depression (PHQ-E the odds of depression. The LTE-Q only captured a proportion of adversity measured by the LEDS (42% vs 84%). Both measures showed health, bereavement and relationship events were most common.Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits the extent to which inferences can be drawn around the direction of causality between adversity and depression. Recall in older adults is questionable.Conclusions: UK older adults face adversity in areas of health, bereavement and relationships which are associated with depression. This has clinical relevance for psychological interventions for older adults to consider social context and social support. It helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of a brief adversity measure in large scale research. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of onset and direction of causality.

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Relationship between late‐life depression and life stressors: Large‐scale cross‐sectional study of a representative sample of the Japanese general population

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Life adversity in depressed and non-depressed older adults: A cross-sectional comparison of the brief LTE-Q questionnaire and life events and difficulties interview as part of the CASPER study

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