453articles integrative Physiology and subcutaneous and visceral adipose in an extreme obese population, and second, to study the relationship among FAs from these different sources and the obesity-related metabolic alterations in these patients.
Methods and Procedures subjectsA total population of 20 patients (10 women and 10 men), aged 42.8 ± 10.2 years, was selected from the General Surgery Service of the "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Hospital in Murcia, Spain. All the subjects were extreme obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m 2 ) and were admitted in the hospital for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery due to their obesity.Abdominal AT samples were obtained during surgery. Subcutaneous samples were taken from the periumbilical region and intra-abdominal samples were taken from the omental fat.This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Hospital, and all the subjects signed a written informed consent before biopsies were obtained.at sample collection, anthropometrics, and body composition After an overnight fasting, AT biopsies were taken as paired samples from both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal depots at the beginning of the surgical procedure. Visceral AT was taken from the omental depot; abdominal subcutaneous AT was taken 5 cm lateral from umbilicus. Samples were stored at -80 °C until analyzed.Obesity assessment was carried out according to the criteria proposed by the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO) (9). Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg while subjects were dressed in their underwear, and height was measured to the nearest centimeter. From these data, BMI was calculated. Total body fat (%) was analyzed by means of a bioimpedance technique, with TANITA TBF-300 (TANITA Corporation of America, Arlington Heights, IL) equipment (10). Body fat distribution was assessed by measuring waist circumference, at the level of midway between the lower-rib margin and the iliac crest, and hip circumference, over the widest part of the greater trocanters. Measurements were made three times by a single operator. Waist-to-hip ratio was also calculated.