Relationship Between <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> and Postharvest Disorders of Sweet Cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>)

Ayyanath, Murali-Mohan; Zurowski, Cheryl L.; Scott, Ian M.; Lowery, D. Thomas; Watson, M. C.; O’Gorman, Daniel T.; MacKenzie, K.; Úrbez-Torres, J. R.

doi:10.1094/pbiomes-02-17-0007-r

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For example, the bright red fruits of Lonicera alpigena were found to change into dry, brown fruit mummies (rotten fruits) within a short time, while fruits of Prunus padus had hardly any symptoms of decay and hung intact on the bushes for more than 40 days without decaying. On Prunus padus, a significant reduction in the number of emerged D. suzukii adults and a significant delay in the larval-pupal development time was detected when compared with Prunus avium (Alhmedi et al 2019), where oviposition by D. suzukii is known to trigger microbial development (Ayyanath et al 2018). Because larval development depends on the development of microbes (Sang 1956;Schwarz et al 2014;Hamby and Becher 2016), decay within a short time indicates a strong response of microbial growth and development and better host suitability to D. suzukii offspring development.…”

Section: Potential Impact On Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Bühlmann¹,

Goßner²

2022

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Impacts of biological invasions are diverse and can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a major invasive pest of fruits, which negatively affects fruit and wine production. However, little is known about the ecological impact of this fly species on more natural ecosystems it has invaded, such as forests. In this study, we investigated the use of potential host plants by D. suzukii at 64 sites in different forest communities in Switzerland from mid-June to mid-October 2020. We examined more than 12,000 fruits for egg deposits of D. suzukii to assess its direct impact on the plants. We recorded symptoms of fruit decay after egg deposition to determine if D. suzukii attacks trigger fruit decay. In addition, we monitored the drosophilid fauna with cup traps baited with apple cider vinegar, as we expected that D. suzukii would outnumber and potentially outcompete native controphics, especially other drosophilids. Egg deposits of D. suzukii were found on the fruits of 31 of the 39 potential host plant species studied, with 18 species showing an attack rate > 50%. Overall, fruits of Cotoneaster divaricatus (96%), Atropa bella-donna (91%), Rubus fruticosus corylifolius aggr. (91%), Frangula alnus (85%) and Sambucus nigra (83%) were attacked particularly frequently, resulting also in high predicted attack probabilities that varied among forest communities. Later and longer fruiting, black fruit colour, larger fruit size and higher pulp pH all positively affected attack rates. More than 50% of the plant species showed severe symptoms of decay after egg deposition, with higher pulp sugar content leading to more severe symptoms. The high fruit attack rate observed was reflected in a high abundance and dominance of D. suzukii in trap catches, independent of forest community and elevation. Drosophila suzukii was by far the most abundant species, accounting for 86% (81,395 individuals) of all drosophilids. The abundance of D. suzukii was negatively associated with the abundance of the native drosophilids. Our results indicate that the invasive D. suzukii competes strongly with other frugivorous species and that its presence might have far-reaching ecosystem-level consequences. The rapid decay of fruits attacked by D. suzukii leads to a loss of resources and may disrupt seed-dispersal mutualisms through the reduced consumption of fruits by dispersers such as birds.

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Section: Potential Impact On Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Bühlmann¹,

Goßner²

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Potential Impact On Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Bühlmann¹,

Goßner²

2022

Preprint

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Impacts of biological invasions are diverse and can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a major invasive pest of fruits, which negatively affects fruit and wine production. However, little is known about the ecological impact of this fly species on the ecosystems it has invaded. In this study, we investigated the use of potential host plants by D. suzukii at 64 sites in different forest communities in Switzerland from mid-June to mid-October 2020. We examined more than 12,000 fruits for egg deposits of D. suzukii to assess its direct impact on the plants. We recorded symptoms of fruit decay after egg deposition to determine if D. suzukii attacks trigger fruit decay. In addition, we monitored the drosophilid fauna with cup traps baited with apple cider vinegar, as we expected that D. suzukii would outnumber and potentially outcompete native controphics, especially other drosophilids. Egg deposits of D. suzukii were found on the fruit of 31 of the 39 potential host plant species studied, with 18 species showing an attack rate > 50%. Overall, fruits of Cotoneaster divaricatus (96%), Atropa bella-donna (91%), Rubus fruticosus corylifolius aggr. (91%), Frangula alnus (85%) and Sambucus nigra (83%) were attacked particularly frequently, resulting also in predicted attack probabilities that varied among forest communities. Later and longer fruiting, black fruit colour, larger fruit size and higher pulp pH all positively affected attack rates. More than 50% of the plant species showed severe symptoms of decay after egg deposition, with higher pulp sugar content leading to more severe symptoms. The high fruit attack rate observed was reflected in a high abundance and dominance of D. suzukii in trap catches, independent of forest community and elevation. Drosophila suzukii was by far the most abundant species, accounting for 86% (81,395 individuals) of all drosophilids. The abundance of D. suzukii was negatively associated with the abundance of the native drosophilids. Our results indicate that the invasive D. suzukii competes strongly with other frugivorous species and that its presence has far-reaching ecosystem-level consequences. The rapid decay of fruits attacked by D. suzukii leads to a loss of resources and may disrupt seed-dispersal mutualisms through the reduced consumption of fruits by dispersers such as birds.

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“…Recently, Mucor piriformis A. Fisch has been linked to a postharvest disease called cherry 'slip-skin' and is characterised by its occurrence mainly in late cultivars, such as 'Lapins' and 'Stacatto'. This disease is characterised by a softening of shoulders due to maceration of the subepidermal tissue that causes the skin to slip off easily [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Causal Agent of Aqueous Spot Disease of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.) from the Jerte Valley (Cáceres, Spain)

Serradilla

Moraga

Ruíz-Moyano

et al. 2021

Foods

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The pre and postharvest disease named ‘aqueous spot’ is an emerging risk for sweet cherries growing in Jerte Valley (Cáceres, Spain). Early stages of the disease appear in the tree, but it is usually detected after harvesting, during the postharvest period. Symptoms include the appearance of skin discolouration and translucency in the shoulder areas. At the most advanced stages, a mycelium of white colour partially or completely covers the fruit. This manuscript provides a detailed description of the microbes involved in this disease, such as bacteria, yeasts, and moulds. Microbes of different cherry cultivars were studied during two consecutive seasons (2019 and 2020). The counts of bacteria and yeast in damaged tissues were higher (7.05 and 6.38 log10 CFU/g for total aerobic mesophilic microbes and yeasts, respectively) than sound tissues (6.08 and 5.19 log10 CFU/g, respectively). The Enterobacterales order dominated the bacteria population. Among yeasts, Yarrowia lipolytica, in 2019, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Metschnikowia viticola, in 2020, were consistently isolated from all samples. The presence of moulds was inconsistently detected at the early stage of this disease by plate counts. However, microscopic observations revealed the presence of hyphae in cherry flesh. Different pathogenic moulds were identified, although white mycelium, identified as Botrytis cinerea by molecular methods, was consistently isolated at later stages. Inoculation tests confirmed the involvement of white-mycelium B. cinerea in the development of this new postharvest disease in the Jerte Valley. Its combination with Enterobacterales enhanced the evolution of rotting, whereas the combination with yeasts decreased and delayed the symptoms. This work presents the first report of a consortia of microorganisms implicated in the development of ‘aqueous spot’, an emerging disease in sweet cherry cultivars in the Jerte Valley.

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Relationship Between Drosophila suzukii and Postharvest Disorders of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Identification of the Causal Agent of Aqueous Spot Disease of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.) from the Jerte Valley (Cáceres, Spain)

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Relationship Between Drosophila suzukii and Postharvest Disorders of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium)

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

﻿Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

﻿Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Identification of the Causal Agent of Aqueous Spot Disease of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.) from the Jerte Valley (Cáceres, Spain)

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Product

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Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants

Invasive Drosophila suzukii outnumbers native controphics and causes substantial damage to fruits of forest plants