Relationship between formation of earlywood vessels and leaf phenology in two ring-porous hardwoods, Quercus serrata and Robinia pseudoacacia, in early spring

Kudo, Kayo; Yasue, Koh; Hosoo, Yoshihiro; Funada, Ryo

doi:10.1007/s10086-015-1487-6

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In ash by around April 20th, some large earlywood vessels had already formed (Frankenstein et al 2005). Generally, in ring-porous trees, the first earlywood vessels are formed 2-6 weeks before bud break (Suzuki et al 1996;Kudo et al 2015), and it is also worth emphasizing that the lignification of the first-formed vessels in stems was observed from 2 weeks before, up to 4 weeks after, leaf appearance (Takahashi et al 2013). Thus, the timing of leaf and growth phenologies is species specific, leading to differences in carbon allocation (e.g.…”

Section: Relationships Between Leaf Phenology and Earlywood-vessel Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Does tree-ring formation follow leaf phenology in Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)?

et al. 2017

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We monitored leaf phenology and xylogenesis of 12 Pedunculate oaks in northern Poland in 2014. We hypothesized that the individual trees, which differed in size, age and habitat (tree stand or gap), also diverged in terms of the seasonal patterns of leaf phenology and xylogenesis. The samples used for wood formation observations were collected most frequently during the early leaf phenophases (from March to end of June). The transverse sections of the cambial region were cut with a sledge microtome. We counted the number of cambial cells, measured the width of xylem increment and assessed the timing of xylogenesis and earlywood-vessel formation. We found significant differences in leaf phenology and timing of xylogenesis among individual trees. The smallest differences in wood formation among the trees were observed at the beginning of the vegetation season when the first earlywood vessels were detected (9 days). The dates of completion of the first tangential row of earlywood vessels varied by up to 30 days, while for the completion of the entire earlywood dates varied by up to 32 days. The highest productivity of cambial cells (13 cell layers) was observed around the time of bud swelling at mid-April. In the last days of April, the number of cambial cell layers decreased and subsequently increased again when the leaves were nearly fully expanded at the end of May. To summarize, we observed a high seasonal variability in the number of cambial cell layers. Differences in the time of cessation of cambial activity and xylogenesis amounted to 1 month. We conclude that: (1) oak tree-ring widths and earlywoodvessel sizes and numbers may not be sensitive indicators for early spring temperature and spring defoliation; (2) the missing association between leaf phenophases and xylogenesis as well as the phenological variability may be the reasons for the lack of a clear climatic effect on the abovementioned parameters.

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Section: Relationships Between Leaf Phenology and Earlywood-vessel Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Does tree-ring formation follow leaf phenology in Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)?

et al. 2017

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“…The first-formed vessels, which develop new rings adjacent to the annual ring border, mature around the time of leaf appearance in stems of ring-porous species (Zasada & Zahner 1969;Suzuki et al 1996Suzuki et al , 2000Sass-Klaassen et al 2011;González-González et al 2013;Takahashi et al 2013;Kudo et al 2015). In contrast, stem vessels of diffuse-porous species mature more than two weeks after leaf appearance (Suzuki et al 1996(Suzuki et al , 2000Čufar et al 2008;Takahashi et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of vessel formation in twigs and trunks in relation to porosity and leaf flushing

Takahashi

2016

IAWA J

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In order to understand the coordination of leaf phenology and functional xylem anatomy, the timing of vessel wall lignification in twigs and stems in relation to leaf appearance was studied in nine species with different porosity patterns. Cylindrical stem cores and twigs were collected from early spring through late summer from deciduous (Quercus serrata, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Acanthopanax sciadophylloides), and evergreen (Castanopsis cuspidata; Cinnamomum camphora, Ilex pedunculosa, Symplocos prunifolia, Quercus glauca and Quercus myrsinifolia) species in a temperate forest. The first-formed twig vessels lignified at the time of leaf appearance or before in all species. The timing of stem vessel lignification in relation to leaf appearance in semi-ring-porous deciduous species was overlapping with that of ring-porous deciduous species and diffuse-porous deciduous species.Evergreen species showed a great variation in the timing of stem vessel lignification, relative to leaf flushing. The main conclusions are that 1) Vessel lignification occurs much earlier in twigs than in trunks of the same trees, with hardly any overlap between the two; 2) Deciduous trees do not differ much from evergreen species, but there is a weak tendency for evergreen species to have later vessel differentiation than deciduous species; 3) The timing of vessel formation shows little relation with porosity patterns and overlaps between diffuse-porous and ring-porous species. This suggests a much greater intergradation of timing of vessel formation in species of different porosity pattern in evergreen and deciduous species than recognized in the literature.

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“…Differing responses of diffuse‐porous and ring‐porous species to dry‐season precipitation could be expected because of differences in the hydraulic architecture, water transport physiology, and climate adaptation strategies (see discussions by Kitin and Funada, ; Kudo et al., , ; Umebayashi et al., , ). Temperate species with diffuse‐porous wood typically use several growth increments for water transport and are able to resume sap transport faster than species with ring‐porous structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in cambial activity are related to precipitation patterns in four tropical hardwood species grown in Indonesia

Rahman

Nugroho

Nakaba

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise Cambial activity in some tropical trees varies intra‐annually, with the formation of xylem rings. Identification of the climatic factors that regulate cambial activity is important for understanding the growth of such species. We analyzed the relationship between climatic factors and cambial activity in four tropical hardwoods, Acacia mangium, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Neolamarckia cadamba in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia, which has a rainy season (November–June) and a dry season (July–October). Methods Small blocks containing phloem, cambium, and xylem were collected from main stems in January 2014, October 2015 and October 2016, and examined with light microscopy for cambial cell division, fusiform cambial cells, and expanding xylem cells as evidence of cambial activity. Results During the rainy season, when precipitation was high, cambium was active. By contrast, during the dry season in 2015, when there was no precipitation, cambium was dormant. However, in October 2016, during the so‐called dry season, cambium was active, cell division was conspicuous, and a new xylem ring formation was initiated. The difference in cambial activity appeared to be related to an unusual pattern of precipitation during the typically dry months, from July to October, in 2016. Conclusions Our results indicate that low or absent precipitation for 3 to 4 months induces cessation of cambial activity and temporal periodicity of wood formation in the four species studied. By contrast, in the event of continuing precipitation, cambial activity in the same trees may continue throughout the year. The frequency pattern of precipitation appears to be an important determinant of wood formation in tropical trees.

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Relationship between formation of earlywood vessels and leaf phenology in two ring-porous hardwoods, Quercus serrata and Robinia pseudoacacia, in early spring

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Does tree-ring formation follow leaf phenology in Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)?

Does tree-ring formation follow leaf phenology in Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)?

Timing of vessel formation in twigs and trunks in relation to porosity and leaf flushing

Changes in cambial activity are related to precipitation patterns in four tropical hardwood species grown in Indonesia

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