Relationship between flowering phenology, pollen production and atmospheric pollen concentration of Plantago lanceolata (L.)

Abstract

The present study sampled pollen grains in the atmosphere using a Burkard Ò 7-day-recording trap and periodically checked the flowering phases of Plantago lanceolata L. in the locality of León (NW of Spain) from late March to early August during 2007 and 2008. The results showed that the phenological phases considered for P. lanceolata coincided in most sampling points. The differences between them depended mainly on the characteristics of the land on which the plants developed and water availability. In addition, the differences between the start and duration of the different phenological phases over the 2 years were mainly due to climatic variations each year. Plantago pollen concentration in the atmosphere and phenological data were related during these 2 years of study. The differences in Plantago pollen production per anther were determined by environmental conditions such as humidity. Another important factor was human action.

How does pollen production of allergenic species differ between urban and rural environments?

“…Besides temperature and air pollution, other site conditions might modify plant growth, which was also suggested by González-Parrado et al ( 2015 ). These site conditions include the proximity to agricultural land to which fertilizers are presumably applied.…”

“…Pollen production of P. lanceolata averaged at 5.0 ± 2.4 million pollen grains with a range of 1.5 to 12.1 million pollen grains per inflorescence in this study (sample size N P = 82). González-Parrado et al ( 2015 ) estimated a mean of 5.3 million pollen grains, with a minimum of 1.8 and a maximum of 9 million pollen grains. Piotrowska ( 2008 ) estimated P infl of P. major in a similar range with 6.3 million pollen grains.…”

“…Pollen production has been studied for numerous species, such as the tree species Betula (Jato et al 2007 ; Piotrowska 2008 ; Jochner et al 2011 ; Katz et al 2020 ; Kolek 2021 ; Ranpal et al 2022 ), Quercus (Tormo Molina et al 1996 ; Gómez-Casero et al 2004 ; Charalampopoulos et al 2013 ; Kim et al 2018 ; Fernández-González et al 2020 ; Katz et al 2020 ), Alnus (Moe 1998 ), Fraxinus (Tormo Molina et al 1996 ; Castiñeiras et al 2019 ), Acer (Tormo Molina et al 1996 ; Katz et al 2020 ), Corylus (Damialis et al 2011 ), Cupressus (Hidalgo et al 1999 ; Damialis et al 2011 ), Olea (Tormo Molina et al 1996 ; Damialis et al 2011 ), Platanus (Damialis et al 2011 ; Katz et al 2020 ), Juniperus (Pers-Kamczyc et al 2020 ), Pinus (Sharma and Khanduri 2002 ; Charalampopoulos et al 2013 ), and Cedrus (Khanduri and Sharma 2002 ) or for grass species (Subba Reddi and Reddi 1986 ; Prieto-Baena et al 2003 ; Piotrowska 2008 ; Aboulaich et al 2009 ; Tormo-Molina et al 2015 ; Jung et al 2018 ; Romero-Morte et al 2018 ; Ali et al 2022 ; Severova et al 2022 ) and herbaceous plants such as Artemisia (Piotrowska 2008 ; Bogawski et al 2016 ), Rumex (Piotrowska 2008 ), Plantago (Hyde and Williams 1946 ; Sharma et al 1999 ; Piotrowska 2008 ; González-Parrado et al 2015 ), Parietaria (Fotiou et al 2011 ) and Ambrosia (Ziska and Caulfield 2000 ; Wayne et al 2002 ; Rogers et al 2006 ).…”

Morphological and phenological shifts in the Plantago lanceolata L. species as linked to climate change over the past 100 years

“…The phenological stages based on the spike's state and appearance were determined as (based on the Lacey et al (2003), Gonzalez-Parrado et al (2015), Kara et al(2018) works with the changes adapted to our study with herbarium specimens usage): FL -a period of flowering (flowers opened, stamens or pistils are clearly visible). This period lasts on average 4 weeks in the Kyiv region.…”