Relationship between fixation stability measured with <scp>MP</scp>‐1 and reading performance

Amore, Filippo; Fasciani, Romina; Silvestri, Valeria; Crossland, Michael D.; Waure, Chiara de; Cruciani, F; Reibaldí, A.

doi:10.1111/opo.12048

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…12,13 Fixation instability is related to slower reading in adults with macular disease. 15,16,22 In the present study, reading rate was associated with fellow eye instability, not with amblyopic eye instability, during binocular viewing conditions. Fixation instability may decrease the accuracy of forward saccades, causing the reader to miss the preferred landing position of the eye, the center of the word.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…Data showing that slow reading in strabismic amblyopia is related to making more saccades than controls support this hypothesis. 2,3,6 Other studies of eye movements in normally sighted 14 and visually impaired 15,16 adults have reported an association between fixation instability and slower reading. However, no studies have assessed the relationship between ocular motor dysfunction and reading in amblyopic children without strabismus (ie, anisometropic amblyopia).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Slow reading in children with anisometropic amblyopia is associated with fixation instability and increased saccades

Kelly

Jost

Cruz

et al. 2017

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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Background Previous studies show slow reading in strabismic amblyopia. We recently identified amblyopia, not strabismus, as the key factor in slow reading in children. No studies have focused on reading in amblyopic children without strabismus. We examined reading in anisometropic children and evaluated whether slow reading was associated with ocular motor dysfunction in children with amblyopia. Methods Anisometropic children (7–12 years) with or without amblyopia were compared to age-similar normal controls. Children silently read a grade-appropriate paragraph during binocular viewing. Reading rate (words/min), number of forward and regressive saccades (per 100 words) and fixation duration were recorded with the ReadAlyzer. Binocular fixation instability was also evaluated (EyeLink 1000). Results Amblyopic anisometropic children read more slowly (n = 25; mean with standard deviation, 149 ± 42 words/min) than nonamblyopic anisometropic children (n = 15; 196 ± 80 words/min; P = 0.024) and controls (n = 25; 191 ± 65 words/min; P = 0.020). Nonamblyopic anisometropic children read at a comparable rate to controls (P = 0.81). Slow reading in amblyopic anisometropic children was correlated with increased forward saccades (r = −0.84, P < 0.001), increased regressive saccades (r = −0.85, P < 0.001), and fellow eye instability during binocular viewing (r = −0.52, P = 0.019). Conclusions Slow reading in school-age children with anisometropic amblyopia is related to increased frequency of saccades and fixation instability of the fellow eye. Further research should consider the effects of slower reading on academic performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow reading in children with anisometropic amblyopia is associated with fixation instability and increased saccades

Kelly

Jost

Cruz

et al. 2017

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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show abstract

“…Previous studies have shown that fixational stability is positively correlated with reading speed (Amore et al, 2013; Amore et al, 2014; Crossland et al, 2004; Crossland, Dunbar, & Rubin, 2009), face perception (Seiple, Rosen, & Garcia, 2013), and visual search (Kwon et al, 2013; Walsh & Liu, 2014). Consistent with these findings, we found that the development of a PRL led to better performance in visual recognition (19% improvement) and search performance (22% improvement), confirming the key role of a stable PRL for pattern recognition in peripheral vision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Integrating oculomotor and perceptual training to induce a pseudofovea: A model system for studying central vision loss

Liu¹,

Kwon²

2016

Journal of Vision

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People with a central scotoma often adopt an eccentric retinal location (Preferred Retinal Locus, PRL) for fixation. Here, we proposed a novel training paradigm as a model system to study the nature of the PRL formation and its impacts on visual function. The training paradigm was designed to effectively induce a PRL at any intended retinal location by integrating oculomotor control and pattern recognition. Using a gaze-contingent display, a simulated central scotoma was induced in eight normally sighted subjects. A subject's entire peripheral visual field was blurred, except for a small circular aperture with location randomly assigned to each subject (to the left, right, above, or below the scotoma). Under this viewing condition, subjects performed a demanding oculomotor and visual recognition task. Various visual functions were tested before and after training at both PRL and nonPRL locations. After 6–10 hr of the training, all subjects formed their PRL within the clear window. Both oculomotor control and visual recognition performance significantly improved. Moreover, there was considerable improvement at PRL location in high-level function, such as trigram letter-recognition, reading, and spatial attention, but not in low-level function, such as acuity and contrast sensitivity. Our results demonstrated that within a relatively short time, a PRL could be induced at any intended retinal location in normally-sighted subjects with a simulated scotoma. Our training paradigm might not only hold promise as a model system to study the dynamic nature of the PRL formation, but also serve as a rehabilitation regimen for individuals with central vision loss.

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“…10–12 Fixation instability has been implicated in slower reading in normally-sighted 13 and visually impaired adults with macular disease, albinism, or glaucoma. 14,15 More recently, we reported that fixation instability, and an increased number of forward saccades was associated with slower reading in children with anisometropic amblyopia (Kelly, et al J AAPOS 2017;21:e10 Abstract 024). Unstable fixation may make it difficult to plan and/or execute accurate forward saccades during reading.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties

Birch

Kelly

2017

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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Relationship between fixation stability measured with MP‐1 and reading performance

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

Slow reading in children with anisometropic amblyopia is associated with fixation instability and increased saccades

Slow reading in children with anisometropic amblyopia is associated with fixation instability and increased saccades

Integrating oculomotor and perceptual training to induce a pseudofovea: A model system for studying central vision loss

Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties

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