Relationship between Fetal Sex and pattern of Nausea, Vomiting and Cholasma among Pregnant women at Assuit city

Abstract

Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP), is one of the most common complaints of pregnant women. Fetus's gender is one that stimulates these complaints. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between fetal sexand pattern of nausea, vomiting and cholasma among pregnant women. Methods: Descriptive research design. Sample size included 400 pregnant women in their third trimester, that divided into four groups (primi-gravida with female fetus, primi-gravida with male fetus, multi-gravida with female fetus and multi-gravida with male fetus), each group haveone hundred women, The study was conducted at antenatal outpatient clinic, Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut University and Qlta Maternal and Child Health Care center, Assiut, Egypt. Data was collected by using interview questionnaire. Results: This study showed there was relationship between gender of the current pregnancy , pattern, onset, time, frequency, end date of nausea, vomiting and cholasma (p-value 0.001, 0.005, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003 and 0.003 respectively). Conclusion: This study revealed that NVP and cholasma are more likely to occur among female fetus than male. Recommendations: Increase mother's knowledge about the effect of pregnancy hormones related changes on thier health through health education program.

Hormonal aspects of skin hyperpigmentation in healthy Kurdish primigravida women in Erbil City

“…The chi-square test has shown a non-significant correlation between baby gender and skin pigmentation in the present study. Ibrahim et al, (2020) confirmed these results showed that chloasma is more likely to occur among female fetus than males, while Abdullah (2020) showed that hyperpigmentation was more evident in primigravida pregnant mothers with male fetuses than female fetuses. It may be related to hormonal, or any other haematological variation between these pregnancy cases and this must be confirmed and further studied.…”

“…Different types of pigmentation such as melasma, chloasma, stretch marks, linea nigra, acne, spider angiomas and varicose veins appear on the different part of the body. Hormonal changes may induce pigmentation during gestation, enhancing a temporary elevation in the quantity of melanin secretion by melanocytes (Ibrahim et al, 2020;Motosko et al, 2017;Bieber et al, 2017;Fernandes and Amaral, 2015).…”

“…Pigments formed in melanocyte melanosomes are then stored in the basal layer of epidermal cells and dermal macrophages, which become melanophores (Ibrahim et al, 2020;Maranduca et al, 2019;Chaudhary et al, 2015). The melanin is a color which is delivered by melanocytes at the degree of melanosomes (the melanogenesis).…”