Relationship between excess iodine, thyroid function, blood pressure, and blood glucose level in adults, pregnant women, and lactating women: A cross-sectional study

Wang, Dandan; Wan, Siyuan; Liu, Peng; Meng, Fengyan; Zhang, Xiaoye; Ren, Bingxuan; Qu, Mengying; Wu, Hui; Shen, Hongmei; Liu, Lixiang

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111706

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Hyperthyroidism may manifest as elevated systolic blood pressure, venous resistance, increased cardiac output and myocardial weight, tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation[ 20 , 21 ]. Studies have found that for adults in the iodine excess area, the free thyroxine and systolic blood pressure are higher in areas with iodine excess than that in areas with suitable iodine excess[ 25 ]. It has been reported that IMT of the carotid artery increases with thyroid hormone levels and that hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor for IMT increase by multivariate regression[ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Long-Term High Water Iodine Levels in the External Environment on the Carotid Artery

Bian

Zhang

et al. 2021

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Iodine excess typically affects thyroid function in the human body and may damage carotid artery. Four investigation plots with different water iodine levels were selected in Shandong Province, China. These included a low, medium, and high iodine group and an iodine excess group whose water iodine content was < 10, 50–150, 150–300, and > 300 μg/L, respectively. Residents aged 20–65 years answered a questionnaire and underwent carotid artery ultrasonography, and their height, weight, and urinary iodine concentrations were measured. A total of 2026 individuals participated in the study. Urinary iodine concentration increased with increased water iodine levels. The medial thickening rate and intimal roughness rate in the iodine excess group were significantly higher than in the other three groups. After controlling for factors such as gender, age, and BMI, iodine excess remained as a risk factor for carotid intima-media thickening. Excess water iodine in the external environment is a risk factor for intima-media thickening of the carotid artery, suggesting that iodine excess may cause vascular injury and promote atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Long-Term High Water Iodine Levels in the External Environment on the Carotid Artery

Bian

Zhang

et al. 2021

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…It has been shown in a recently published study that long-term exposure to high concentrations of iodine in drinking water, i.e., above 300 µg/L in non-pregnant adults and above 450 µg/L in pregnant and lactating women, was associated with an increased risk of abnormal blood pressure and abnormal blood glucose concentration, mainly in the latter group of individuals [202]. It is worth mentioning that in another study the same authors have shown favorable effects of normal iodine supply (comparing to iodine deficiency) on lipid profile.…”

Section: Studies In Human Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor—a role of oxidative stress

et al. 2022

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Purpose Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. However, overtreatment with iodine can unfavorably affect thyroid physiology. The aim of this review is to present the evidence that iodine—when in excess—can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis and, therefore, can act as a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), and that this action, as well as other abnormalities in the thyroid, occurs—at least partially—via oxidative stress. Methods We reviewed published studies on iodine as a potential EDC, with particular emphasis on the phenomenon of oxidative stress. Results This paper summarizes current knowledge on iodine excess in the context of its properties as an EDC and its effects on oxidative processes. Conclusion Iodine does fulfill the criteria of an EDC because it is an exogenous chemical that interferes—when in excess—with thyroid hormone synthesis. However, this statement cannot change general rules regarding iodine supply, which means that iodine deficiency should be still eliminated worldwide and, at the same time, iodine excess should be avoided. Universal awareness that iodine is a potential EDC would make consumers more careful regarding their diet and what they supplement in tablets, and—what is of great importance—it would make caregivers choose iodine-containing medications (or other chemicals) more prudently. It should be stressed that compared to iodine deficiency, iodine in excess (acting either as a potential EDC or via other mechanisms) is much less harmful in such a sense that it affects only a small percentage of sensitive individuals, whereas the former affects whole populations; therefore, it causes endemic consequences.

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“…The latter is also associated with glucose metabolism and diabetes [ 1 ]. Recently, studies have shown that I 2 is linked to glucose metabolism, glucose intolerance, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus (DM) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. In this concise review, we focus on I 2 and glucose metabolism and prediabetic conditions or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Iodine Influence the Metabolism of Glucose?

Ilias¹,

Milionis²,

Zabulienė

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Thyroid function and glucose status are linked; experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies have shown this. Iodine is a vital trace element that is inextricably linked to thyroid hormone synthesis. The latter is also associated with glucose metabolism and diabetes. Recently, some—but not all—studies have shown that iodine is linked to glucose metabolism, glucose intolerance, impaired fasting glucose, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, or gestational diabetes. In this concise review, we review these studies, focusing on iodine and glucose metabolism and prediabetic conditions or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The potential beneficial effect of iodine on glucose metabolism may be attributed to its antioxidant properties.

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Relationship between excess iodine, thyroid function, blood pressure, and blood glucose level in adults, pregnant women, and lactating women: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

The Effects of Long-Term High Water Iodine Levels in the External Environment on the Carotid Artery

The Effects of Long-Term High Water Iodine Levels in the External Environment on the Carotid Artery

Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor—a role of oxidative stress

Does Iodine Influence the Metabolism of Glucose?

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