Relationship between energy cost, gait speed, vertical displacement of centre of body mass and efficiency of pendulum-like mechanism in unilateral amputee gait

Detrembleur, Christine; Vanmarsenille, Jean-Marie; Cuyper, Freddy De; Dierick, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.04.005

Cited by 73 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…When joint restrictions are caused by an orthopedic or neurological disease that mainly affects the lower limbs (e.g., as in amputees or stroke patients) [10,12], an [25-75%] increase of the external mechanical work due to increased vertical displacement of the COM b was also observed. Despite the surprising economic mechanical work observed in our study, O 2 consumption was increased and led to a significant increase in energy cost (?30%) that was obvious in every scoliosis group as a cut-off system compared to the healthy subjects (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal work (W int , the work required to move the limbs relative to the COM b ) was computed from kinematic data following the method described by Willems et al [35] and Detrembleur et al [12]. The body was divided into seven rigid segments: head-arm-trunk (HAT), thighs, shanks, and feet.…”

Section: Instrumented Gait Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pelvic and hip frontal motion are major determinants that serve to minimize and smooth the vertical displacement of the COM b [9], allowing optimal oxygen consumption during walking [16]. Disturbances of the vertical displacement of the COM b in normal conditions (e.g., walking on sand or carrying loads as an African woman) [6,18] or conditions of pathologic gait (e.g., stiffknee gait after a stroke or walking with a prosthesis) [10,12,27,28] affect the mechanical work and metabolic cost of the gait [10-13, 18, 22, 27, 29, 30, 33]. More precisely, any handicap increases these two parameters [10,27,29,30,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

et al. 2009

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Walking is a very common activity for the human body. It is so common that the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems are optimized to have the minimum energetic cost at 4 km/h (spontaneous speed). A previous study showed that lumbar and thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients exhibit a reduction of shoulder, pelvic, and hip frontal mobility during gait. A longer contraction duration of the spinal and pelvic muscles was also noted. The energetic cost (C) of walking is normally linked to the actual mechanical work muscles have to perform. This total mechanical work (W tot ) can be divided in two parts: the work needed to move the shoulders and lower limbs relative to the center of mass of the body (COM b ) is known as the internal work (W int ), whereas additional work, known as external work (W ext ), is needed to accelerate and lift up the COM b relative to the ground. Normally, the COM b goes up and down by 3 cm with every step. Pathological walking usually leads to an increase in W tot (often because of increased vertical displacement of the COM b ), and consequently, it increases the energetic cost. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of scoliosis and scoliosis severity on the mechanical work and energetic cost of walking. Fiftyfour female subjects aged 12 to 17 were used in this study. Thirteen healthy girls were in the control group, 12 were in scoliosis group 1 (Cobb angle [Cb] B 20°), 13 were in scoliosis group 2 (20°\ Cb \ 40°), and 16 were in scoliosis group 3 (Cb C 40°). They were assessed by physical examination and gait analysis. The 41 scoliotic patients had an untreated progressive left thoracolumbar or lumbar AIS. During gait analysis, the subject was asked to walk on a treadmill at 4 km h -1 . Movements of the limbs were followed by six infrared cameras, which tracked markers fixed on the body. W int was calculated from the kinematics. The movements of the COM b were derived from the ground reaction forces, and W ext was calculated from the force signal. W tot was equal to W int ? W ext . Oxygen consumption _ VO 2 À Á was measured with a mask to calculate energetic cost (C) and muscular efficiency (W tot /C). Statistical comparisons between the groups were performed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The external work (W ext ) and internal work (W int ) were both reduced from 7 to 22% as a function of the severity of the scoliosis curve. Overall, the total muscular mechanical work (W tot ) was reduced from 7% to 13% in the scoliosis patients. Within scoliosis groups, the W ext for the group 1 (Cb C 20°) and 2 (20 B Cb B 40°) was significantly different from group 3 (Cb C 40°). No significant differences were observed between scoliosis groups for the W int . The W tot did not showed any significant difference between scoliosis groups except between group 1 and 3. The energy cost and _ VO 2 were increased by around 30%. As a result Muscle efficiency was significantly decreased by 23% to 32%, but no significant differences related to the severi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumented Gait Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

et al. 2009

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“…Porém, ao contrário do que acontece com indiví-duos sem restrições, os indivíduos amputados 1,27 apresentaram valores maiores para VAUS e C. Ao observar a Figura 2 podemos sugerir que o C diminui à medida que a velocidade aumenta 4 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Nessa velocidade o sujeito apresenta menor custo de transporte (C) que é o consumo de oxigênio (VO 2 ) por metro percorrido 1 . Pesquisas a respeito da mecânica e a energética da locomoção, utilizam a esteira rolante para a realização dos seus experimentos [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Em sujeitos com alterações do padrão da caminhada, como paralisados cerebrais 9 e sujeitos com acidente vascular encefálico 10 há diferença entre a velocidade no solo, na esteira rolante e entre a VAUS e a VOF.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Velocidade Autosselecionada E Ideal Da Caminhada De Amputados Transfemorais: Solo E Esteira

Bona

Gomeñuka

Santos

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOIntrodução: A velocidade de progressão é, em geral, determinada em pesquisas na área da locomoção. Objetivo: Comparar as medidas de velocidade autosselecionada no solo, na esteira rolante e a velocidade ideal estimada pelo número de Froude em sujeitos amputados transfemorais. Método: Primeiramente foi determinada a velocidade no solo; em seguida, realizou-se o teste na esteira, e a velocidade ideal foi estimada a partir dos dados antropométricos. Todos os sujeitos utilizavam joelho hidráulico e pé em fibra de carbono. Para comparação entre as velocidades foi realizada ANOVA de duas vias. Resultados: A velocidade autosselecionada na esteira foi menor (22%) do que no solo. Tanto a velocidade autosselecionada na esteira como a do solo foram 44% e 22% menores do que a velocidade ideal estimada, respectivamente. Conclusão: As velocidades analisadas no presente estudo foram diferentes, provavelmente, devido à variação dos parâmetros cinemáticos. Descritores

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Walking economy in people with Parkinson's disease

et al. 2009

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Gait dysfunction is an early problem identified by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in gait may result in an increase in the energy cost of walking (i.e., walking economy). The purpose of this study was to determine whether walking economy is atypical in patients with PD when compared with healthy controls. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the associations of age, sex, and level of disease severity with walking economy in patients with PD. The rate of oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and other responses to treadmill walking were compared in 90 patients (64.4±10.3 yr) and 44 controls (64.6±7.3 yr) at several walking speeds. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to determine relationships of age, sex, and disease state with walking economy in PD patients. Walking economy was significantly worse in PD patients than in controls at all speeds above 1.0 mph. Across all speeds, VO 2 was 6 to 10% higher in PD patients. Heart rate, minute ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and rating of perceived exertion were correspondingly elevated. No significant relationship of age, sex, or UPDRS score with VO 2

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Relationship between energy cost, gait speed, vertical displacement of centre of body mass and efficiency of pendulum-like mechanism in unilateral amputee gait

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

Velocidade Autosselecionada E Ideal Da Caminhada De Amputados Transfemorais: Solo E Esteira

Walking economy in people with Parkinson's disease

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