Relationship between Enamel Fluoride Levels, Degree of Fluorosis and Caries Experience in Communities with a Nearly Optimal and a High Fluoride Level in the Drinking Water (Short Communication)

Grobler, S.R.; Wyk, C W van; Kotzé, Dirk

doi:10.1159/000260947

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Also in keeping with our prevalence data is the reported prevalence of fluorosis of 43% in a South African area with 0.6-1.6 mg/L F in the drinking water (14). In contrast, the reported fluorosis preva lence of 58% in another area of South Africa with 0.6 mg/L F in the drinking water (15) and the fluorosis prevalences (TFI) of 36% to 71% in coastal areas in Kenya with 0.2-0.7 mg/L F in the drinking water (16) were somewhat higher than in the present study. The observed fluorosis in the present coastal populations seems to be the combined result of water-borne fluoride, climatic conditions (17, 18) and frequent con- sumption of seafish and tea, foods which are known to contain substantial amounts of fluoride (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…An increasing number of reports from African countries indicate a higher prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis than could be expected from the fluoride concentrations in the drink ing water (4, 15,16,[20][21][22][23][24]. Climate (15,20,23) and, more recently, altitude (22) have been suggested as contributo ry factors to fluorosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate (15,20,23) and, more recently, altitude (22) have been suggested as contributo ry factors to fluorosis. The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the Singida and Iramba districts were also much higher than could be expected from water-borne fluoride.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride‐containing trona tenderizer (magadi)

Mabelya

Helderman²,

Hof

et al. 1997

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Please be advised that this information was generated on 2018-05-10 and may be subject to change.Mabelya L, van Palenstein Helderman WH, van't Hof MA, Konig KG: Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride-containing trona tenderizer (magadi), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997; 25: 170-6. © Munksgaard, 1997 Abstract -It has recently been suggested that magadi, a high-fluoride trona, which is added in cooking to tenderize certain vegetables and beans in two villages in Tanzania, significantly contributed to the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis. This report aims to substantiate the significance of magadi as a determin ant of dental fluorosis. Eighteen villages in four geographical areas (districts) with water supplies containing 0.2 to 0,8 mg/L of fluoride were selected. All schoolchildren aged 12 to 17 years (n= 1566) who had been born and raised in these villages were examined for dental fluorosis according to the ThylstrupFejerskov Index. Dietary history was recorded. The fluoride content of magadi samples was determined and the urinary fluoride excretion of pre-schoolchildren was assessed. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine coastal villages where tea and seafish were regularly consumed ranged from 7% to 46%. Severe (pitting) dental fluorosis was rarely seen. The low fluorosis levels observed in non-magadi consuming communities in coastal villages indicate that a fluoride content of up to 0.8 mg/L in drinking water is acceptable under the prevailing conditions of temperature and diet. In contrast, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine villages located inland at 1500 m altitude, where fluoride-containing magadi was con sumed, ranged from 53% to 100%, and severe (pitting) fluorosis was highly prevalent, ranging from 18% to 97%. The village with the highest fluoride content in the magadi samples collected showed the highest level of fluorosis. The uri nary fluoride excretion of pre-schoolchildren from different villages corresponded with the level of fluorosis and the fluoride content in the magadi samples of the respective villages. Data on dental fluorosis from the magadi-consuming commu nities provide strong evidence that consumption of magadi was the major deter minant of the observed high prevalence and severity of fluorosis in inland villages at 1500 m altitude.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride‐containing trona tenderizer (magadi)

Mabelya

Helderman²,

Hof

et al. 1997

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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“…Water with such levels of fluoride is said to improve skeletal and dental health [2,12,26,[62][63][64][65][66]. The science behind the beneficial effects of fluoride on the skeletal structure is based on the ion exchange reactions between hydroxide and fluoride ions in the calcium hydroxy-phosphate as it is indicated in the equation below [41] Ca 5 …”

Section: Health Effects Of Fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Malago¹,

Makoba²,

Muzuka³

2017

AJWSE

123

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Abstract:Fluoride has been reported to be among natural pollutant of water in Africa. High fluoride levels beyond the recommended World Health Organization limit of 1.5 mg/l has been observed in various Africa countries. However, the information is scattered in different publication medium. Therefore, objective of this work was to put together the information on fluoride levels in surface and groundwater in Africa, and describe the status and distribution of fluoride in water among African countries. This study assembled the secondary data of fluoride concentrations in surface and groundwater from the various literatures in African countries. Such countries represent southern, northern, eastern and western Africa. Descriptive statistics was used and results showed that elevated fluoride concentration occurred in countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi, Sudan, Uganda, the Republic of South Africa and Ethiopia. The highest fluoride concentration reported was 2,800 mg/l in Lake Nakuru in Kenya. The high fluoride concentrations in water can be linked to volcanic activities, presence of thermal waters especially those with high pH, gases emitted from earth's crust, granitic and gneissic rocks. The high fluoride in water is severe in countries located in East African Rift Valley like Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. However, all the incidences of highest fluoride levels in water in the Rift Valley countries were found in surface water bodies. This is contrary, as it is expected groundwater to be more concentrated as compared to surface water due to more water rock interaction than in surface water bodies. There was no single study among many studies has reported the long term trend of concentration of fluoride in water with time. Thus, the effort to establish long term trend of fluoride concentration in water should be taken in consideration. This helps to predict future concentration of fluoride and possibility to minimize future risks. Also, fluorosis has also been reported to be endemic in fluoritic areas of Africa though, little is known on other fluoride negative effects. Therefore, more efforts should concentrate on finding appropriate defluoridation techniques to be applied while considering the cost of operation, efficiency, practicability, easy application and environmental friendly.

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“…9,10 -Factores extrínsecos (de causa externa).-Las de origen extrínseco se asocian al consumo de alimentos con alto contenido de colorantes ya sean estos naturales o artificiales, a hábitos como fumar, mala higiene e incluso al uso por periodos prolongados de enjugues bucales medicados y con colorantes.…”

Section: Causas De Coloración Dentariaunclassified

Clareamiento Dental: Guía Para El Paciente

Cedillo¹

2018

oactiva

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ResumenEl presente artículo de opinión pretende informar al odontólogo acerca de una práctica de gran demanda dentro de la odontología estética actual el çlareamiento dental en dientes vitales", explica las causas de coloración dentaria, las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento para lograr una armonía óptica de las piezas dentales, indicaciones, precauciones y contraindicaciones; con la finalidad de que compartan esta información a sus pacientes.Palabras clave: Blanqueamiento en dientes vitales, Peróxido de Hidrógeno, Peróxido de Carbamida. AbstractThis opinion's article aim is to inform patients about a practice of great demand within the current aesthetic dentistry "dental bleaching on vital teeth", explains the causes of tooth coloration, different treatment alternatives to achieve an optical harmony of the teeth, indications, precautions and limitations of dental whitening; with the purpose to share this information to their patients.Key words: Vital tooth bleaching, Hydrogen Peroxide, Carbamide Peroxide. INTRODUCCIÓNEl clareamiento dental externo mal llamado blanqueamiento dental, es un proceso dinámico en el que mediante la aplicación de productos químicos, por lo general geles, sobre la estructura dental se logra aclarar el tono de los dientes más no pintarlos de blanco, en tal sentido el límite del clareamiento dependerá de la estructura del diente, los pigmentos que se encuentren impregnados en él y el tiempo de permanencia de estos.1, 2 Este procedimiento se ha vuelto cada vez más popular debido a la gran demanda estética de los últimos años, sin embargo, la preocupación de los odontólogos en cuanto a esta terapia se presentó desde hace mucho tiempo atrás, antiguamente se utilizaron productos como ácido oxálico, cloro e incluso cianuro de potasio, los cuales no aportaban resultados favorables y tenían propiedades tóxicas por lo que están en desuso. Fue en la década de 1884 que Harlan usa por primera vez el Peróxido de Hidrógeno como agente clareador, el cuál hasta la fecha es usado junto con sus subproductos ya que ha demostrado buenos resultados.3, 4 Actualmente existe una sobreoferta de estos procedimientos tanto en consultorios dentales, como productos de uso doméstico e incluso combinaciones de ambos. Sin embargo, este tratamiento debería ser aplicado después de una evaluación odontológica, ya que no se lo puede realizar en todos los pacientes y debe ser supervisado por un profesional en el área.5 El clareamiento dental es un tratamiento útil principalmente en pacientes con pigmentaciones adquiridas por el consumo de alimentos con exceso de colorantes y hábitos como fumar, existen algunas otras condiciones dentales que también requieren de terapias de clareamiento (amelogénesis imperfecta y fluorosis) con resultados que varían según el caso. 6Se considera al clareamiento una técnica segura cuando esta es usada adecuadamente y en pacientes que presenten un estado de salud bucal idóneo, pese a esto y debido a la difusión de los agentes clareadores y sus subproductos en la estructura del diente se p...

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Relationship between Enamel Fluoride Levels, Degree of Fluorosis and Caries Experience in Communities with a Nearly Optimal and a High Fluoride Level in the Drinking Water (Short Communication)

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride‐containing trona tenderizer (magadi)

Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride‐containing trona tenderizer (magadi)

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Clareamiento Dental: Guía Para El Paciente

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