Relationship between electrode polarization and electrical actuation of dielectric PVC gel actuators

Ali, Mohammad; Hirai, Toshihiro

doi:10.1039/c2sm07273d

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The increase in the free volume of the gel allows for greater polarizability of the C–Cl bonds, and thus PVC gels have a higher relative permittivity than unplasticized PVC at all frequencies 26 . The permittivity of the PVC gels dielectric spectra shows low-frequency dispersion, where the relative permittivity can be seen to increase at low frequencies caused by electrode polarization (EP) 27 . The EP is a result of charge motion through the gel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the mechanism of performance improvement of electroactive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators via conductive fillers

Frank

2022

Sci Rep

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The electromechanical actuation of transparent plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels with conductive fillers were studied. The effects of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) ionic liquid (IL) on both the electrical conduction and dielectric processes within PVC gels were investigated, and the differences between the two were clarified. Both CNTs and IL were shown to increase the conductivity of the gels and produce larger electromechanical transduction of a contraction actuator, but only CNTs were shown to increase the electrostatic adhesion force of the PVC gels. The addition of charge carriers to the gel via the inclusion of ILs was shown to significantly reduce the conductivity relaxation time, and the transient current upon voltage polarity reversal indicated multiple peaks corresponding to the introduction of carriers with different polarities and mobilities into the gel. This is believed to cause a screening effect, reducing the charge accumulation at the anode that is the foundational basis for PVC gels’ actuation mechanism. A recommendation for preferable conductive fillers for various applications is made.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the mechanism of performance improvement of electroactive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators via conductive fillers

Frank

2022

Sci Rep

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“…For polymers, this relaxation time is long, since the new equilibrium position is delayed due to the relatively large‐chain molecules hindering their mobility. In this way, the material presents a loss in the polarization capacity, consequently decreasing the dielectric constant 17,18 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica‐based nanocomposites of chemically recyclable thermoset

Souza

Bello

Coelho

2022

Polymer International

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In this study we evaluated the effect of the addition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on the electrical properties of polyhexahydro‐s‐triazine (PHT), a new chemically recyclable thermoset produced from 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane and paraformaldehyde. Chemical recycling as well as thermal and mechanical properties were also investigated. Regarding the electrical properties, electrical conductivity near 10−8 S m−1 at 100 Hz and dielectric constant close to 4.00 at 1 kHz were observed for neat PHT polymer. Better results for electrical properties were observed with the addition of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. After the addition of the highest concentration (4.5 wt%) the dielectric constant increased about 8% at 1 kHz. Concerning the thermal properties, PHT polymer exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 185 °C. The addition of hydrophilic or hydrophobic nanoparticles into the neat matrix did not lead to significant variations of thermal properties, but Tg values were decreased compared to the neat resin. Additionally, for mechanical properties, values of reduced modulus (4.58 GPa) and nanohardness (0.38 GPa) were observed. Besides, for all nanocomposites, there was an increase in the reduced modulus for all samples studied. Finally, the chemical recycling of both neat polymer and all nanocomposites after acid treatment was successfully characterized via NMR analysis. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

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“…Charge transfer may be a complicated reason for the creeping motion of the PVC gel. As shown in Figure , electrons injected from the cathode passed the gel to the edge of the hole . Charge transfer leads to the accumulation of charge inside the gel near the anode, which makes the gel creep along the exposed surface of the anode for electrostatic adherence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable‐focus negative poly(vinyl chloride) gel microlens driven by unilateral electrodes

Cheng

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Tunable-focus microlenses are urgently required for compact optical products to replace digital zoom and obtain highquality images. An electrically controllable tunable-focus negative microlens is proposed, which is based on an electroactive poly(vinyl chloride) gel plasticized by ecofriendly dioctyl terephthalate. The anode and cathode of the microlens are simply assembled on the same side of the electrorheological elastomer, which greatly saves space and allows the thickness of the proposed microlens to be less than 1 mm. By applying voltages ranging from 0 to 1000 V, the stable focus of the microlens is interestingly able to vary as wide as from -1 to 221.3 mm correspondingly. The proposed microlens is simple and thin but is flexible and stable and has a wide range of the focus variation, showing promising applications in minielectric and optical devices. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46136.

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Relationship between electrode polarization and electrical actuation of dielectric PVC gel actuators

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

On the mechanism of performance improvement of electroactive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators via conductive fillers

On the mechanism of performance improvement of electroactive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators via conductive fillers

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica‐based nanocomposites of chemically recyclable thermoset

Tunable‐focus negative poly(vinyl chloride) gel microlens driven by unilateral electrodes

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