Relationship Between Egg Shell Quality and Shell Breakage and Factors that Affect Shell Breakage in the Field–A Review

Hamilton, R. M. J.; Hollands, K. G.; Voisey, Peter W.; Grunder, A. A.

doi:10.1079/wps19790014

Cited by 93 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Egg weight tends to increase with the age of the layer, as does the incidence of misshaped eggs, resulting in decreased eggshell thickness and decreased eggshell to egg ratio (Hamilton et al, 1979). Similar conclusions about decreasing eggshell thickness and eggshell to egg ratio were reported by Hamilton (1982), Roland (1984), and Doyon et al (1985).…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality

Ledvinka¹,

Zita²,

Hubeny³

et al. 2011

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:We assessed the influence of the particular genotype, age of layers, feather growth-rate gene, and their mutual interactions on selected indicators of eggshell quality in six groups of hens of the laying type Dominant. The following genotypes were examined in the experiment: Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 951 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 901 (k) strain, fast-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 954 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 894 (k) strain, fast-feathering; crossbreds of the above strains in the F 1 generation Dominant D 107 blue (K), slow-feathering and Dominant D 107 blue (k), fast-feathering. The layers were fed a feed mixture NP1 (16.64 % CP) from the 20 th week of age and a feed mixture NP2 (15.02% CP) from the 42 nd week. Husbandry conditions met the regular requirements of laying hens. Egg production and live weight of hens were monitored for the duration of the experiment (12 months). Eggshell quality was examined at the layers' age of 27, 35 and 56 weeks. The average hen-day egg production for the duration of the experiment (12 months) was not significantly influenced by the particular genotype or the feather growth-rate gene. The varying representation of the feather growth-rate gene significantly (P ≤ 0.001) influenced the live weight; similarly, the relationship between the genotype and the representation of K/k alleles was significant. The average egg weight was influenced statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.001) by the age of hens, their genotype (P ≤ 0.05), feather growth-rate gene (P ≤ 0.001), and the relationship between the age and genotype (P ≤ 0.001). The age of hens, genotype, and the interaction of these two factors affected the egg shape index, as did the incidence of the feather growth-rate gene within the population (with a statistical significance of P ≤ 0.001). The age, genotype and the feather growth-rate gene incidence within the population also significantly affected the eggshell quality indicators. In the eggshell to egg ratio, eggshell thickness and strength, an interaction was determined between the age of hens and their particular genotype. The eggshell colour was also significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected by hens' age, genotype (P ≤ 0.001), as well as by the feather growth-rate gene (P ≤ 0.001). No significant interaction between the age and the genotype was found for this indicator.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality

Ledvinka¹,

Zita²,

Hubeny³

et al. 2011

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Cracked and damaged eggs can account for between 6 and 8% of total production (Hamilton et al, 1979) and can be particularly problematic in older flocks. This results in substantial economic loss to the egg industry (Hunton, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously any egg will break if it is hit hard enough (Carter, 1970) and as a result considerable effort has been directed at ways of reducing the insults experienced by eggs during routine egg handling procedures (Hamilton et al, 1979), and more recently at ways of detecting cracked eggshells online in packing stations (De Ketelaere et al, 2004). A complementary strategy is to improve the strength and quality of the eggshell by breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of an egg cracking during packing can be predicted using a simple non-destructive acoustic test

Bain

Dunn

Wilson

et al. 2006

British Poultry Science

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1. The aim of this investigation was to test the predictive power of the dynamic stiffness measurement to identify eggs which are most likely to crack under field conditions. 2. A representative sample of eggs (n ¼ 1660) was collected from the front of the cages in a commercial battery unit. Egg weight,% damping and dynamic stiffness (K dyn ) were recorded using an acoustic crack detection device. Intact eggs were marked and replaced in the front of the cages. These eggs were subsequently passed through online collection, grading and packing machinery, along with a volume of unmarked eggs. At the end of packing the acoustic test was repeated on the marked eggs, and these were subsequently categorised as being either intact (0) or cracked (1). 3. A logistic regression of the probability of cracking vs K dyn revealed that as the K dyn measurement decreases below 15 000 N/m there is a rapid increase in the probability that an egg will crack during routine handling. 4. Additional variables (visit, egg weight,% damping and position in the house (battery [1 to 7], side [1, 2] and tier [1 to 8]) were also fitted to the model but only egg weight, visit and tier effects significantly improved the model fit. 5. This study confirms that the dynamic stiffness measurement can predict the probability of an egg cracking in the field and with high precision. As this measurement also has a high heritability, it could be incorporated into breeding programmes, where it would offer an excellent method to improve eggshell quality and reduce the incidence of cracked eggs.

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“…4) Tumova et al(2011) 은 난각강도는 난각의 초미세구조(ultrastructure)와 밀접한 관계가 있다고 설명하였다. Hamilton et al(1979) (Campo and Garcia Gil, 1998). 백색란에 비하여 갈색란에서 육반 발생비율이 높은 것은 난관 적혈구의 분해과정에서 생 성되는 protoporphyrin과 같은 난각 색소와 관련이 있는 것 으로 알려졌지만, 정확한 기전은 아직 밝혀진 바 없다 (Lang and Wells, 1987).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Effects of Age of Laying Hens on Internal and External Quality of Eggs

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kang³

et al. 2018

Korean J. Poult. Sci.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age of laying hens on egg internal and external qualities. A total of 8,300 eggs were randomly collected from 15 grading & packaging (GP) centers, and 50 eggs per farm during April to May in 2015. Age of laying hens ranged from 18 to 65 weeks of age and they were classified into 5 age groups (18∼25, 26∼35, 36∼45, 46∼55, and 56∼65 weeks). Egg weight increased, but the Haugh unit decreased as the age of laying hens increased. Yolk color was higher in eggs laid from 25∼35 weeks of laying hens compared with that of 18∼25-weeks-old chickens. The incidence of dirty eggs was highest (P<0.05) in 18∼25 week group and remained constant after 26 weeks. Among eggshell defects, speckled and pimpled eggs increased as the age of laying hens increased. The incidence of calcium deposits and misshapen eggs was highest during 18∼25 weeks of age and remained constant after 26 weeks. The percentage of total eggshell cracks increased as the age of laying hens increased. Among eggshell cracks, star-and hair-like cracks were frequently noted. The percentage of meat spot was higher than that of blood spot and their incidence was highest among the 56∼65 week group. Age of laying hens significantly increased egg weight, incidence of pimpled or speckled eggs, star-or hair-like cracks, and meat spot. On the other hand, a significant negative interaction between age of laying hens and the Haugh unit was noted. In conclusion, our study revealed that the age of laying hens affected internal and external egg qualities.

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Relationship Between Egg Shell Quality and Shell Breakage and Factors that Affect Shell Breakage in the Field–A Review

Cited by 93 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality

Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality

Probability of an egg cracking during packing can be predicted using a simple non-destructive acoustic test

Effects of Age of Laying Hens on Internal and External Quality of Eggs

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