Relationship between early-onset muscle soreness and indirect muscle damage markers and their dynamics after a full marathon

Can Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Be a Good Model for the Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet in Humans?

“…In this case the activation of ubiquitin induces acceleration of proteolysis leading to muscle break down, atrophy, and necrosis [ 278 ]. Again, drug- and non-drug-induced rhabdomyolysis, have the same mechanisms and responses as those founded during an EIMD situation, specifically of those that are observed during the first 24–48 h post-exercise [ 14 , 15 , 18 , 21 , 55 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 71 , 72 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 87 , 90 , 93 , 103 , 116 , 117 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 146 , 148 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , …”

“…EIMD is a phenomenon that occurs either after a prolonged unaccustomed exercise, or after a very intense, high-demanding exercise (high intensity, long duration, high volume, high frequent, or combination of these), as a consequence of the very high mechanical and metabolic demands during the exercise [ 14 , 15 , 55 , 65 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. EIMD is classified as a grade 1 muscular injury, characterized by minor ultrastructural muscle disruptions without a permanent defect, such as structural disruption of sarcomeres, disturbed excitation-contraction coupling and calcium signaling, and extended muscle protein degradation [ 14 , 15 , 55 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Although the pathology of EIMD is usually subclinical, the perceived sensation may vary from mild muscle stiffness to exhausting pain and a temporary reduction in both maximum strength and range of motion until several days after the stimuli [ 15 , 83 , 84 ].…”

“…In addition, eccentric exercise damages mitochondria, sarcoplasmic, and connective tissue network [ 55 , 84 , 87 , 98 , 116 , 117 ]. The damage appears to worsen within the days following eccentric exercise, reaching a peak at 24–72 h post exercise depending on the type, intensity and loads of exercise and then gradually disappears within 2 or 3 weeks after exercise [ 14 , 15 , 21 , 55 , 66 , 67 , 71 , 72 , 76 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 93 , 97 , 116 , 117 ].…”

Pain During a Marathon Run: Prevalence and Correlates in a Cross-Sectional Study of 1,251 Recreational Runners in 251 Marathons

“…For example, a marathon often results in delayed onset muscle injury but the extent to which this type of pain and pain during a marathon are related has never been explored. One recent investigation did find that pain data obtained immediately after a marathon run resulted in unique associations with biological outcomes compared to the commonly assessed delayed onset measures of pain that are obtained 1–3 days post-marathon (Tokinoya et al, 2020 ). Analogously, there is a need to know whether unique and useful insights are gleaned from obtaining pain data during a marathon and relating it to outcomes of interest such as those involved in recovery from a marathon run.…”

Plasma free metanephrine and normethanephrine levels correlated to plasma catecholamine after acute running in amateur runner

“…However, strenuous endurance exercises can cause immune system disorders and damage various tissues including muscles, as a result of metabolic and mechanical stress. 2 , 3 Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers that can identify body conditions during and/or after endurance exercises. Moreover, biomarkers that can be measured via minimally invasive methods for continuous monitoring of internal conditions are important to prevent harmful effects.…”