Relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake: A cross‐sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001‐2016

Gress, Todd; Mansoor, Kanaan; Rayyan, Yaser; Khthir, Rodhan; Tayyem, Reema; Tzamaloukas, Antonios H.; Abraham, Nader G.; Shapiro, Joseph I.; Khitan, Zeid

doi:10.1111/jch.13985

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As a result, when salt is restricted, the amount of glucose excreted in the urine decrease, resulting an increasing in blood glucose and HbA1c concentrations ( 27 ). Gress et al ( 28 ) revealed that low sodium intake based on 24-h dietary recall was accompanied by a higher consultation of sugar ( 28 ). The negative impact of a low sodium diet on glycemic control may be explained at least partially by the associated high sugar intake ( 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gress et al ( 28 ) revealed that low sodium intake based on 24-h dietary recall was accompanied by a higher consultation of sugar ( 28 ). The negative impact of a low sodium diet on glycemic control may be explained at least partially by the associated high sugar intake ( 28 ). In agreement with our findings, two studies revealed that low fat intake reduces waist circumference and weight ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Glycemic Control With Different Diets Followed by Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From Qatar Biobank Data

et al. 2022

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BackgroundDiabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits may lead to T2DM, which is also influenced by the extent of education and knowledge of appropriate diets for this disease.AimThis study aims to highlight the possible association between following different types of diet (low-fat diet, low-calorie diet, low-salt diet, and more than one diet) and glycemic control among Qatari and long-term resident patients with T2DM.MethodsThis study is secondary data analysis. Qatar Biobank (QBB) data on 2448 T2DM patients aged 18–60 years were obtained. The first group included participants with HbA1C <7%, while the second included those with HbA1c ≥ 7%.ResultsThe results of the association of glycemic control with different diets followed by patients with type 2 diabetes were adjusted in four models. In the 4th model (adjusted for gender, age, sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary habits, comorbidities, and medications), results showed that poor patients with poor glycemic control have higher odds [OR 1.90; CI (1–3.63)] of following a low-salt diet. The same observation was found in the low-fat diet [OR 1.73; CI (1.06-3.07)]. However, patients following more than one diet showed lower odds of having poor glycemic control for about 32% [OR.69; CI (0.48–0.98)].ConclusionDiet and lifestyle are vital factors that can affect HbA1C levels. The findings of this secondary analysis showed that better glycemic control of the patients was observed in patients following more than diet from the studied diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Glycemic Control With Different Diets Followed by Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From Qatar Biobank Data

et al. 2022

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“…Based on what has been concluded, a low intake of vegetables versus a high intake of sodium causes complications of T2DM (Horikawa et al, 2021). A secondary analysis of the cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016, illustrated the relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake by studying various levels of sodium intake on approximately 38,722 participants with a mean age of 43.6 years (Gress et al, 2020).The study reported that restricting the daily intake of dietary sodium had a significant reverse association with the estimated intake of sugar (Gress et al, 2020). This association is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: T2dm and Low-sodium Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different diets on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A literature review

et al. 2022

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Background: Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases, and the incidence is gradually increasing. Diet management could improve the elevated HbA1c levels. Aim: This review aims to examine the effects of different types of diets on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched. Reports published from the years 1991 to 2021 that focused on the effect of different diets on diabetes control were selected. Results: All the studies reported that the type of diet can affect insulin secretion and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The recommended macronutrient distribution for patients with diabetes is 30% of fat, 45–60% of carbohydrates, and 15–35% of protein. Consuming more or less of these macronutrients may lead to changes in glucose metabolism and may affect insulin secretion. In fact, following alow-fat diet improves glycemic control and decreases HbA1c levels. Studies reported that a low-carbohydrate diet had the greatest effect on improving glycemic control and insulin parameters. A low-calorie diet reduced fasting plasma glucose, while a very low-calorie diet resulted in a long-term decrease in HbA1c level. A healthy diet free of processed foods and sugar, and rich in nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals contributed to maintaining controlled blood sugar and lipid plasma levels. Although studies show a low-salt diet improves blood pressure, which is common inT2DM, other findings show that restricting salt intake is associated with increased sugar consumption. Conclusion: Healthy diet with adequate intake of energy and low-fat and low-sugar foods can enhance the glycemic control and reduce T2DM complications.

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“…We thank Visarial et al 1 for raising several valid points. The primary objective of our article titled “Relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake: A cross‐sectional analysis of the NHANES 2001‐2016” was to characterize diets in subjects from a large database relative to sodium intake in order to address the controversy surrounding the J‐shaped relationship between sodium intake and cardiovascular outcomes 2 . Several trends were noted in this study but the most meaningful and capable of explaining the reported J‐shaped association was the negative association between dietary sodium and sugar intake.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Response to: Visaria et al. Everything in moderation: Understanding the interplay between salt and sugar intake

Khitan

Tzamaloukas

Shapiro

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake: A cross‐sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001‐2016

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Association of Glycemic Control With Different Diets Followed by Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From Qatar Biobank Data

Association of Glycemic Control With Different Diets Followed by Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From Qatar Biobank Data

Effects of different diets on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A literature review

Response to: Visaria et al. Everything in moderation: Understanding the interplay between salt and sugar intake

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