Relationship between degree of viremia and disease manifestations in calves with experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection

Walz, Paul H.; Bell, Thomas G.; Wells, Jennifer L.; Grooms, Daniel L.; Kaiser, Lana; Maes, Roger K.; Baker, John C.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1095

Cited by 53 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Prominent lymphoid depletion was also detected in a previous description of PI white-tailed deer (Duncan et al, 2008a) and whitetailed deer fawns following acute experimental infection (Raizman et al, 2011). While decreases in circulating lymphocytes and lymphoid depletion are common in acutely infected cattle, lymphoid depletion is not a common feature in PI cattle, contrasting with the findings in deer (Walz et al, 2001;LieblerTenorio et al, 2002LieblerTenorio et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 36%

Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigen in Persistently Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Passler

Walz

Ditchkoff

et al. 2012

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 36%

Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigen in Persistently Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Passler

Walz

Ditchkoff

et al. 2012

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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“…4,13,15,16,26 This lymphoid depletion has been associated with lymphocyte apoptosis, 13 which was evidenced in this experiment by the TUNEL technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…24 Thymic depletion has also been described during BVDV1 and BVDV2 infection. 4,11,14,15,26 However, the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of this thymic depletion remain unclear, although monocyte-macrophages have been identified as one of the target cells for this virus. 3,11,17 The purpose of this study was to investigate, in experimental animals, the relationship among thymic depletion, presence of viral antigen, and changes in distribution and cytokine production by thymic macrophages from colostrum-deprived calves experimentally infected with the low-virulence noncytopathogenic BVDV1 strain 7443.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Distribution and Role of Thymic Macrophages During Experimental Infection With Noncytopathogenic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type 1

Sánchez-Cordón

Bautista

2011

Vet Pathol

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Thymic depletion, presence of viral antigen, and changes in distribution and cytokine production of thymic macrophages were investigated in calves experimentally infected with a noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus type (BVDV) 1 strain. Ten clinically healthy colostrum-deprived calves were used. Eight calves were inoculated with the virus and two were used as uninfected controls. Calves were sedated and euthanized in batches between 3 and 14 days postinoculation. At necropsy, thymus samples were collected for structural, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling). From 6 days postinoculation, the thymic cortex was multifocally depleted with increased frequency of pyknosis and karyorrhexis, suggestive of apoptosis and confirmed by the TUNEL technique. Although the onset of lymphoid depletion was coincident with the detection of viral antigen by immunohistochemistry, the number of infected lymphocytes was very low through the experiment. There was an increase in number of macrophages in cortex and medulla, accompanied by ultrastructural changes indicative of phagocyte activation, and a decrease in cells expressing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and IL-1a. These results suggest that the increase in number of these cells could be related to phagocytosis of cell debris and apoptotic lymphocytes. Furthermore, the results imply that, in contrast to the situation with classical swine fever virus, the lymphocyte apoptosis resulting from bovine viral diarrhea virus infection is not mediated by TNF-a or interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a) production by virus-infected macrophages. This is the first study that describes this decrease in the number of thymic cells expressing TNF-a and IL-1a in cattle experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1.

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“…[5][6][7] However, there is little information regarding thymic lesions during BVDV1 infection. 11 Although different mechanisms have been proposed, 1,2,7,10 the pathogenesis of this lymphoid depletion is not completely understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Thymic Epithelial Cells in Lymphoid Depletion After Experimental Infection With the Noncytopathogenic BVDV1 Strain 7443

Bautista

2014

Vet Pathol

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Thymic epithelial cells could play an important role in lymphoid depletion during bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined proliferation of lymphocytes, expression of cytokeratins by thymic epithelial cells, and ultrastructural features at sequential time points after experimental infection of colostrum-deprived calves with the noncytopathogenic BVDV1 strain 7443. Ten clinically healthy Friesian calves were used. Eight were inoculated with the virus, and 2 were used as uninfected controls. Calves were sedated and euthanized in batches between 3 and 14 days postinoculation. At necropsy, thymus samples were collected for structural, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. Thymic lymphoid depletion was accompanied by a decrease in lymphocyte proliferation and immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes in thymic epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural results reflect a disturbance of the thymic epithelial cell network, which may explain the decrease in lymphocyte proliferation by defective thymocyte-epithelial cell interactions.

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Relationship between degree of viremia and disease manifestations in calves with experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigen in Persistently Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigen in Persistently Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Virus Distribution and Role of Thymic Macrophages During Experimental Infection With Noncytopathogenic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type 1

Role of Thymic Epithelial Cells in Lymphoid Depletion After Experimental Infection With the Noncytopathogenic BVDV1 Strain 7443

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