Relationship between daytime napping with the occurrence and development of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship of napping with incident diabetes risk and glycaemic control in people with diabetes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from database inception to 9 May 2023.Eligibility criteriaObservational studies reporting the relationship of napping with diabetes or glycaemic control in patients with diabetes in adult populations were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. The results were reported as ORs and 95% CIs, which were pooled by using fixed and random effects models, and subgroup analyses were performed. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method was used to assess the quality of the evidence.ResultsForty studies were included in our review. Habitual napping was associated with an increased diabetes risk (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.27) and poor glycaemic control in patients with diabetes (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.73). Nap durations less than 30 min were unrelated to diabetes (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.14). Nap durations of 30–60 min were associated with diabetes risk (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17), but there were differences in the subgroup analysis results. Nap durations of more than 60 min significantly increased the risk of diabetes (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.44).ConclusionsNapping is associated with increased diabetes risk and poor glycaemic control, and future research will need to confirm whether there are sex and regional differences. Nap durations of more than 60 min significantly increases the risk of diabetes, and the relationship between nap duration and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes needs to be further explored in the future.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021292103.

Association between napping and type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Previous meta-analyses investigated the association between napping and T2DM, but these studies primarily focused on simplistic dichotomous classifications of either napping or no napping, or nap duration ≥1 hour/<1 hour ( 13 – 15 ). A recent meta-analysis examining specific nap durations (<30 minutes, 30-60 minutes, >60 minutes) revealed that naps exceeding 30 minutes were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM ( 16 ). However, these studies failed to provide a robust argument for the influence of nap duration on T2DM risk.…”

The relationship between daytime napping and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes

“…Compared with non-nappers, people with regular napping were 1.3 times more likely to have poor glycemic control (N=12,997) (aged 59 years, 38% females) ( 49 ). Based on a recent meta-analysis, compared with non-nappers, nappers had a 20% increased risks of developing T2D ( 50 ). How napping frequency affect glucose metabolism has not been clear.…”

Editorial: Effects of midday naps on glycemic control of diabetic patients

“…Because midday naps could modify such associations, the researchers have been paying much more attention to napping behavior than ever. While it has been consistently reported that midday naps, especially if it is long (>1h), could be associated with higher risk of diabetes ( 3 , 4 ), previous findings about influence of midday naps on glycemic control are conflicting ( 5 ).…”