Relationship between cyanobacterial bloom impacted drinking water sources and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence rates

Gorham, Tyler; Root, Elisabeth Dowling; Jia, Yuanyuan; Shum, C. K.; Lee, Ji-Young

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101801

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It has been reported (Zhang et al, 2015) that the distribution of cyanobacteria in the United States is very extensive, but incidence rate of liver cancer has not been high for decades. However, a recent report, based upon an ecological study in Ohio (USA), observed that a population served by bloom-impacted surface waters had 14.2% higher HCC incidence rates than those served by non-bloom-impacted surface waters (Gorham et al, 2020). In a Canadian study, however, no association with cyanobacterial toxin exposure in the geographic distribution of liver cancer was observed, implying blue-green algae pollution may not play an important role in the etiology of liver cancer in Canada .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Liver cancer mortality over six decades in an epidemic area: what we have learned

Chen

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background and aims: Liver cancer is one of the most dominant malignant tumors in the world. The trends of liver cancer mortality over the past six decades have been tracked in the epidemic region of Qidong, China. Using epidemiological tools, we explore the dynamic changes in age-standardized rates to characterize important aspects of liver cancer etiology and prevention. Methods Mortality data of liver cancer in Qidong from 1958 to 1971 (death retrospective survey) and from 1972 to 2017 (cancer registration) were tabulated for the crude rate (CR), and age-standardized rate and age-birth cohorts. The average annual percentage change was calculated by the Joinpoint Regression Program. Results The natural death rate during 1958–2017 decreased from 9‰ to 5.4‰ and then increased to 8‰ as the population aged; cancer mortality rates rose continuously from 57/105 to 240/105. Liver cancer mortality increased from 20/105 to 80/105, and then dropped to less than 52/105 in 2017. Liver cancer deaths in 1972–2017 accounted for 30.53% of all cancers, with a CR of 60.48/105, age-standardized rate China (ASRC) of 34.78/105, and ASRW (world) of 45.71/105. Other key features were the CR for males and females of 91.86/105 and 29.92/105, respectively, with a sex ratio of 3.07:1. Period analysis showed that the ASRs for mortality of the age groups under 54 years old had a significant decreasing trend. Importantly, birth cohort analysis showed that the mortality rate of liver cancer in 40–44, 35–39, 30–34, 25–29, 20–24, 15–19 years cohort decreased considerably, but the rates in 70–74, and 75+ increased. Conclusions The crude mortality rate of liver cancer in Qidong has experienced trends from lower to higher levels, and from continued increase at a high plateau to most recently a gradual decline, and a change greatest in younger people. Many years of comprehensive prevention and intervention measures have influenced the decline of the liver cancer epidemic in this area. The reduction of intake levels of aflatoxin might be one of the most significant factors as evidenced by the dramatic decline of exposure biomarkers in this population during the past three decades.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Liver cancer mortality over six decades in an epidemic area: what we have learned

Chen

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…From the secondary metabolism point of view, cyanobacteria are arguably the second most studied group after Actinobacteria, mainly due to their ecological impact and human health and economic implications. Algal blooms, with the ensuing production of toxins, are an ever-increasing occurrence with lethal consequences for aquatic populations and also for humans, who can become exposed to cyanotoxins through dermatological contact or ingestion of contaminated seafood and water [ 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 ]. As a result, cyanobacterial toxins have been extensively studied for over 50 years, with saxitoxin, one of their best-known representatives (also produced by dinoflagellates), structurally characterized back in the 1970s [ 238 , 239 ].…”

Section: Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them

Santos‐Aberturas

Vior

2022

Antibiotics

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Bacterial secondary metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Although screening campaigns for the discovery of new compounds have traditionally been strongly biased towards the study of soil-dwelling Actinobacteria, the current antibiotic resistance and discovery crisis has brought a considerable amount of attention to the study of previously neglected bacterial sources of secondary metabolites. The development and application of new screening, sequencing, genetic manipulation, cultivation and bioinformatic techniques have revealed several other groups of bacteria as producers of striking chemical novelty. Biosynthetic machineries evolved from independent taxonomic origins and under completely different ecological requirements and selective pressures are responsible for these structural innovations. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries related to secondary metabolites from alternative bacterial sources, trying to provide the reader with a broad perspective on how technical novelties have facilitated the access to the bacterial metabolic dark matter.

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“…Despite the availability of numerous epidemiological studies of potential association between microcystin exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence increase, they all utilized mostly retrospective estimates of microcystin exposure. In this regard, the documented epidemiological studies were analysing the correlation between cyanobacteria and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), usually according to the estimates of drinking water distribution and the presence of cyanobacteria in water supply reservoirs [4,41,42,43,44] or via cyanobacterial bloom spatial distribution maps and standardized mortality rates of non-alcoholic liver disease [45].…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study that directly examined the correlation between serum MC-LR content and the risk of HCC in a case-controlled population was performed by Zheng et al [3]. The и присутних цијанобактерија у резервоарима за водоснабдевање [4,41,42,43,44], или путем мапе просторне дистрибуције цветања цијанобактерија и стандардизованих стопа морталитета од безалкохолне болести јетре [45] [73,74,75], а међу њима има и оних које се баве истраживањима других група хепатотоксичних цијанотоксина -цилиндроспермопсина [65,66]. Резултати ових студија указују на то да постоји потреба да се results of this study showed that MC-LR in the serum was an independent risk factor for HCC in southwestern China, and that it showed a positive correlation with HBV and alcohol, as well as a negative correlation with aflatoxin.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesunclassified

Hepatotoxic products of cyanobacteria and their toxicological effects

Karadžić¹,

Jovanović²,

Živković-Perišić³

et al. 2021

Glas javnog zdr

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Chronic human exposure to water contaminated with hepatotoxic cyanobacterial compounds (cyanotoxins) can lead to an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma or other forms of liver disease. Humans can be exposed to cyanotoxins through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact, i.e. by using contaminated drinking water, recreational water, water used for hemodialysis or via food. Among hepatotoxic cyanotoxins, cyclic peptides microcystins and nodularin should be emphasized, as well as the tricyclic alkaloid cylindrospermopsin. In addition, the existence of a new hepatotoxic cyanobacterial secondary metabolite, called limnotrixin, has been investigated in recent years. Due to the different chemical structures of these cyanotoxins, mechanisms of their toxic effects also differ. Globally, hepatotoxins are the most common cyanobacterial toxins and, among them, microcystins are the most frequently detected during cyanobacterial blooms and also the most extensively studied. The latter is also the case in the Republic of Serbia, where cases of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies used for water supply are mostly related to species that are potential microcystin producers (e.g. representatives of the genera Microcystis and Planktothrix). Additionally, microcystins are the only group of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins for which regular monitoring has been established in our country, which primarily refers to the water bodies used as water supply sources. However, since there is an increased frequency of cyanobacterial blooming, both worldwide and in our country, it is very important to monitor potential risks and understand the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of hepatotoxic products of cyanobacteria, which was the main aim of this study

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Relationship between cyanobacterial bloom impacted drinking water sources and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence rates

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Liver cancer mortality over six decades in an epidemic area: what we have learned

Liver cancer mortality over six decades in an epidemic area: what we have learned

Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them

Hepatotoxic products of cyanobacteria and their toxicological effects

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