Relationship between Crystallographic Structure of Electrodeposited Ni-P AlloyFilm and Its Thermal Equilibrium Diagram

Abstract

The electrodeposited Ni-P alloy films were obtained from Watts baths containing H 3 PO 3 . The crystallographic structure and morphology of electrodeposited Ni-P films were studied by using XRD, HRTEM, SEM and heat-treatment technique. The crystallographic structures of electrodeposited Ni-P alloy films was also compared with the Ni-P thermal equilibrium diagram.The X-ray diffraction patterns of Ni-P electrodeposited films with various P contents gradually changed from sharp peaks to broad peaks with increasing P contents in electrodeposited films. HRTEM observation revealed that the crystallographic structure of electrodeposited Ni-P film with 18.5 atP content was crystalline and its crystal size was about 10 nm. Moreover, the crystalline structure was observed and the crystal size was about 3 nm in the electrodeposited Ni-P alloy film with 21.5 atP content. However, when the film with 21.5 atP content was heat treated, the crystalline phase did not grow and Ni 3 P existed alone under 300°C heat-treatment. From this result, it was clear that the crystallographic structure of Ni-P film with 21.5 atP content was amorphous.Therefore, it can be concluded that the microcrystalline phase existed up to 19 atP in electrodeposited Ni-P alloy film and the amorphous phase existed from 19 at to 32 atP.

Controllable growth and magnetic characterization of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni–P alloy nanotube and nanowire arrays inside AAO template

“…The composition and properties of the Ni-P bulk prepared by electrodeposition from the same watts bath were presented in order to compare with those of nanowires and nanotubes. It was found that the relationship between the P content and current density applied for the electrodeposited Ni-P bulk alloy is almost similar to those of nanowires and nanotubes above [17]. Those outcomes indicated that electrodeposition of the P source used in the bath is conducted more preferentially in the low cathodic-current-density region to provide the high P composition ratio.…”

“…At high P contents had no magnetic properties [17]. The obtained Ni-P nanotube and nanowire arrays with various P contents showed the same magnetic properties as the alloy films.…”

“…The results clearly indicates that the present synthesis provide a possibility of controlling composition ratio of Ni-P alloys by the adjustment of the cathodic current density in combination with the P and Ni composition ratio of the solution used during electrodeposition. Itoh [17] has reported in their HRTEM observation for Ni-P bulk alloys prepared by electrodeposition from the same watts bath containing H 3 PO 3 that the crystallographic structure of electrodeposited Ni-P alloy with 18.5 at.% P content was crystalline or nanocrystalline, and the crystallographic structure of the Ni-P alloy with 21.5 at.% P content was amorphous.…”

“…So, we can conclude the magnetic anisotropy of the samples is mainly produced by shape anisotropy. This caused that no significant anisotropy is seen, compared with a bulk Ni-P deposit of similar composition [17]. Moreover, in our experiment, the nanowires and nanotubes are about 40 lm in length and 200 nm in diameter (or outer diameter), i.e., the aspect-ratio is beyond 200.…”

Relationship between the Crystallographic Structure of Electrodeposited Fe-P Alloy Film and its Thermal Equilibrium Phase Diagram

“…21) Furthermore, with regard to the P composition range for forming amorphous in the deposited films, Masumoto et al concluded that the P composition range for forming the amorphous phase should surround the P composition of eutectic point since around this composition, the deposited films can be quenched most readily with the lowest energy. 22) However, many experimental results [23][24][25][26] obtained by our laboratory including the result of the present study, have proved that the P composition range for forming the amorphous phase should surround the composition range for forming the intermetallic compound.…”