Relationship between Contrast Enhancement of the Perivascular Space in the Basal Ganglia and Endolymphatic Volume Ratio

Ohashi, Toshio; Naganawa, Shinji; Katagiri, Toshio; Kuno, Kayao

doi:10.2463/mrms.mp.2017-0001

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Intravenously administered GBCAs are reported to leak into the CSF even in healthy subjects ( 33 ). At approximately 4 hours after intravenous injection of gadolinium, transfer of gadolinium into the CSF and Virchow-Robin space at the base of the brain can be observed on heavily T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images ( 34 35 36 37 38 ). It is also interesting that intravenously administered GBCAs show leakage from the cortical veins with delayed imaging after injection, with the leakiness of the cortical veins significantly correlated with age ( 39 ).…”

Section: Imaging Evaluation Of the Glymphatic System/neurofluid Dynammentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofluid Dynamics and the Glymphatic System: A Neuroimaging Perspective

Taoka

Naganawa

2020

Korean J Radiol

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The glymphatic system hypothesis is a concept describing the clearance of waste products from the brain. The term “glymphatic system” combines the glial and lymphatic systems and is typically described as follows. The perivascular space functions as a conduit that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain parenchyma. CSF guided to the perivascular space around the arteries enters the interstitium of brain tissue via aquaporin-4 water channels to clear waste proteins into the perivascular space around the veins before being drained from the brain. In this review, we introduce the glymphatic system hypothesis and its association with fluid dynamics, sleep, and disease. We also discuss imaging methods to evaluate the glymphatic system.

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Section: Imaging Evaluation Of the Glymphatic System/neurofluid Dynammentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofluid Dynamics and the Glymphatic System: A Neuroimaging Perspective

Taoka

Naganawa

2020

Korean J Radiol

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“…Various studies have shown that GBCAs distribute in various fluid spaces such as the CSF, the perilymph of the inner ear, the perivascular spaces of the basal ganglia, the meningeal lymphatics and the brain parenchyma after IV administration. [1][2][3][4][5]9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The pattern for the intracranial distribution of intravenously administered GBCA might be associated with aging, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, function of glymphatic system, and renal function. 2,3,21,22 The glymphatic system is the waste clearance system of the brain and has attracted much attention from a wide range of investigators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial Distribution of Intravenously Administered Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent over a Period of 24 Hours: Evaluation with 3D-real IR Imaging and MR Fingerprinting

et al. 2021

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Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility for the detection of slight contrast effects after intravenous administration of single dose gadolinium-based contrast agent (IV-SD-GBCA), the time course of the GBCA distribution up to 24 h was examined in various fluid spaces and brain parenchyma using 3D-real IR imaging and MR fingerprinting (MRF). Methods:Twenty-four patients with a suspicion of endolymphatic hydrops were scanned at pre-administration and at 10 min, 4 and 24 h post-IV-SD-GBCA. 3D-real IR images and MRF at the level of the internal auditory canal were obtained. The signal intensity on the 3D-real IR image of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebellopontine angle cistern (CPA), Sylvian fissure (Syl), lateral ventricle (LV), and cochlear perilymph (CPL) was measured. The T 1 and T 2 values of cerebellar gray (GM) and white matter (WM) were measured using MRF. Each averaged value at the various time points was compared using an analysis of variance.

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“…Contrast enhancement on the delayed hT 2 -FL images has been reported in the PVSs of the BG. 10 , 24 However, a lack of enhancement of the extremely large PVS in the BG using the same technique has also been reported. 28 Scan timing after IV-SD-GBCA might be a future topic of research for the visualization of enhancement in the various PVSs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 21 , 22 The glymphatic system is speculated as a route for gadolinium penetration into the brain. 10 , 23 , 24 Therefore, a better understanding of the function of PVSs is quite important, not only for general neuroscience research, but also to address specifically the issue of gadolinium deposition in the brain. There are multiple reports regarding differences between the PVS BG and the PVS WM .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Signal Intensity and Enhancement on MR Images of the Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia versus Those in White Matter

et al. 2018

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Purpose:To elucidate differences between the perivascular space (PVS) in the basal ganglia (BG) versus that found in white matter (WM) using heavily T2-weighted FLAIR (hT2-FL) in terms of 1) signal intensity on non-contrast enhanced images, and 2) the degree of contrast enhancement by intravenous single dose administration of gadolinium based contrast agent (IV-SD-GBCA).Materials and Methods:Eight healthy men and 13 patients with suspected endolymphatic hydrops were included. No subjects had renal insufficiency. All subjects received IV-SD-GBCA. MR cisternography (MRC) and hT2-FL images were obtained prior to and 4 h after IV-SD-GBCA. The signal intensity of the PVS in the BG, subinsular WM, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Ambient cistern (CSFAC) and CSF in Sylvian fissure (CSFSyl) was measured as well as that of the thalamus. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) was calculated by dividing the intensity by that of the thalamus. We used 5% as a threshold to determine the significance of the statistical test.Results:In the pre-contrast scan, the SIR of the PVS in WM (Mean ± standard deviation, 1.83 ± 0.46) was significantly higher than that of the PVS in the BG (1.05 ± 0.154), CSFSyl (1.03 ± 0.15) and the CSFAC (0.97 ± 0.29). There was no significant difference between the SIR of the PVS in the BG compared to the CSFAC and CSFSyl. For the evaluation of the contrast enhancement effect, significant enhancement was observed in the PVS in the BG, the CSFAC and the CSFSyl compared to the pre-contrast scan. No significant contrast enhancement was observed in the PVS in WM.Conclusion:The signal intensity difference between the PVS in the BG versus WM on pre-contrast images suggests that the fluid composition might be different between these PVSs. The difference in the contrast enhancement between the PVSs in the BG versus WM suggests a difference in drainage function.

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Relationship between Contrast Enhancement of the Perivascular Space in the Basal Ganglia and Endolymphatic Volume Ratio

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Neurofluid Dynamics and the Glymphatic System: A Neuroimaging Perspective

Neurofluid Dynamics and the Glymphatic System: A Neuroimaging Perspective

Intracranial Distribution of Intravenously Administered Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent over a Period of 24 Hours: Evaluation with 3D-real IR Imaging and MR Fingerprinting

Differences in Signal Intensity and Enhancement on MR Images of the Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia versus Those in White Matter

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